PART I
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
Overview
We
provide wireless and wireline telecommunications services in the Caribbean and
North America. Through our operating subsidiaries and affiliates, we offer the
following principal services:
·
Wireless. We offer
wireless voice and data services to retail customers in Guyana and Bermuda. In
the United States, we offer wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services
to national, regional and local wireless carriers in rural markets located
principally in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Missouri and New Mexico.
·
Local Telephone and Data. Our local telephone and data services include our operations
in Guyana, the mainland United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands. We are the
exclusive provider of domestic wireline local and long distance telephone
services in Guyana. We offer facilities‑based integrated voice and data
communications services to residential and business customers in New England,
primarily in Vermont. We are a leading Internet access service provider in the
U.S. Virgin Islands.
·
International Long Distance Voice and Data
Services. We are the exclusive provider of
international long distance voice and data communications into and out of
Guyana. As part of our infrastructure, we own interests in major international
fiber optic cables linking Guyana to, among other places, Suriname, French
Guiana, Trinidad, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the mainland United States.
Strategy
The
key elements of our strategy consist of the following:
·
Focus on Providing Wireless and Wireline
Telecommunications Services.We are focused on providing wireless and wireline
voice and data services to residential, business and carrier customers across a
variety of geographic and demographic markets. We have provided these services
to our customers for over fifteen years and have demonstrated our ability to
grow both customers and revenues by improving service and increasing the number
of wireline and wireless products offered to these customers. We believe these
sectors provide significant opportunities for organic and external growth.
·
Target Underserved Markets Where We Can Compete
Successfully.We operate in smaller, underserved markets where we believe we are
or will be one of the leading providers of telecommunications services. Our
businesses typically have strong local brand identities and leading market
positions. By leveraging these attributes, along with our lower cost of capital
and our senior management expertise at the holding company level, we seek to
improve and expand available products and services in our targeted markets to
better meet the needs of our customers and expand our customer base.
·
Partner with Successful Local Owner/Operators. We partner with local management teams who have demonstrated
a successful track record. We believe that strong local management enhances our
close relationship with customers and reduces risk. Our geographically diverse
businesses are all operated and often partially owned by local managers,
employees and investors. We seek to enhance our strong market position by
maintaining these partnerships and by leveraging our extensive management
experience to assist them in further improving operations.
·
Maintain a Disciplined Earnings‑Oriented
Approach. We carefully assess the potential for
earnings stability and growth when we evaluate the performance of our
subsidiaries, new investment
opportunities and prospective acquisitions. In managing our more
mature businesses, we seek to solidify our brands, improve customer
satisfaction, add new services, control costs and preserve cash flow. In
managing our newer, faster growing businesses, we seek to invest capital to
improve our competitive position, increase market share and generate strong
revenue and cash flow. We consider new investments and acquisitions on a
disciplined return‑on‑investment basis and generally avoid
transactions that we do not expect to have a near‑term positive impact on
our earnings.
As
a result of these strategies, we have increased our consolidated operating
income and earnings per share by approximately 25% and 23%, respectively, on an
annually compounded basis from 2002 to 2006. We have also been able to pay cash
dividends to our shareholders for 33 consecutive quarters and have increased
our quarterly dividend per share by approximately 75% since the beginning of
2002.
Our Company
We
conduct our operations in the mainland United States, Guyana, Bermuda, and U.S.
Virgin Islands through the following principal operating subsidiaries and
affiliate:

·
Guyana Telephone & Telegraph (or
GT&T). In 1991, we acquired an 80% equity
interest in GT&T, which is the exclusive provider of domestic wireline
local and long distance telecommunications services in Guyana and the largest
service provider in Guyana's competitive wireless telecommunications market.
GT&T is the successor to the Guyana Telecommunications Corporation, a
corporation wholly owned by the Government of Guyana. The remaining 20% equity
interest in GT&T is held by the Government of Guyana.
·
Commnet Wireless, LLC. In 2005, we acquired a 95% equity interest in Commnet, which
provides wireless voice and data communications roaming services in the United
States. We acquired the remaining 5% equity interest in Commnet in January 2007.
·
Sovernet, Inc. In February 2006, we acquired Sovernet, which provides
facilities‑based integrated voice and broadband data communications
services in New England, primarily in Vermont. We currently own a 96% equity
interest in Sovernet. The remaining 4% equity interest in Sovernet is held by
Sovernet management.
·
Bermuda Digital Communications, Ltd (or
BDC). In 1998, we acquired a minority equity
interest in BDC, which is the largest wireless voice and data communications
service provider in Bermuda, operating under the Cellular One brand. We
currently own 43% of BDC. The remaining equity holders include BDC's Bermudian
management team. We account for our investment under the equity method of
accounting.
·
Choice Communications, LLC. In October 1999, we acquired Choice, which provides
fixed wireless broadband data services and dial‑up Internet services to
retail and business customers in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Through our Choice
subsidiary, we also offer fixed wireless digital television services in the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
In addition to our equity interests, we typically
receive management fees from our principal operating subsidiaries and
affiliate.
Atlantic
Tele‑Network, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Delaware in
1987. Our principal corporate offices are located at 10 Derby Square, Salem,
Massachusetts 01970. The telephone number at our principal corporate offices is
(978) 619‑1300. We also maintain a small corporate office in
St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Our Services
Through
our operating subsidiaries and affiliate, we provide wireless, local telephone
and data, and international long distance services in Guyana, the mainland
United States, U.S. Virgin Islands and Bermuda. For fiscal years 2004, 2005 and
2006, our Guyana operations generated 94%, 85% and 60%, respectively, of our
consolidated revenue. For information about our financial segments and
geographical information about our operating revenues and long‑lived
assets, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in
this Report.
Wireless Services
We
provide wireless voice and data communications services in the United States,
Guyana and Bermuda.
U.S.
Operations
Through
our Commnet subsidiary, we provide wholesale wireless voice and data roaming
services in rural markets to national, regional and local wireless carriers. In
2006, we also began to offer these services to selected international carriers.
We provide these services through our own networks in markets located
principally in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Missouri and New Mexico. We also
operate smaller networks in seven other states. Many of our sites are located
in popular tourist and seasonal visitor areas, particularly in the southwestern
states. This seasonal increase in visitors has resulted in higher call volumes
and revenue in those areas during summer months. To date, this increase in
traffic in those areas has been offset in large part by lower calling volumes
in other parts of our service area, such as towns with a large student
population. Roaming is a service offered by most wireless service providers
that enables their subscribers to utilize their mobile phone service while
traveling outside of their service provider's network coverage area. Roaming
enables wireless service providers to offer their customers extended coverage
without the need to own a network or spectrum. We design, install and operate
our wireless networks in areas where our wholesale customers need extended
coverage.
Network. We
currently operate networks with GSM, CDMA, TDMA and analog technologies in both
the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. This mix of technologies and spectrum varies by
market. However, we often have at least two technologies deployed at each cell
site in order to maximize revenue opportunities. The majority of our GSM sites
are also equipped with GPRS and/or EDGE data technologies. Our networks are
comprised of telecommunications switches, base stations and radio transceivers
located on towers and buildings typically owned by others, and leased transport
facilities. As of December 31, 2006, we owned and operated 287 base
stations consisting of 167 GSM, 49 CDMA and 71 TDMA/analog stations.
Sales
and Marketing. Historically, most roaming agreements
were cancelable at‑will. In recent years, however, major carriers have
been experiencing technological incompatibility with other wholesalers'
networks, which has increased carriers' willingness to make longer term
commitments in exchange for supporting technologies and features. We have taken
advantage of this environment by entering into long‑term, preferred
roaming agreements with several major wireless carriers, including AT&T and
Verizon. Under these preferred roaming agreements, we typically agree to build
a new mobile network at a specified location and offer the preferred carrier
long‑term pricing certainty in
exchange for priority designation with respect to
their customers' wireless traffic. We believe we have established a track
record of building highly‑reliable, feature‑rich network coverage
in a variety of technical environments for major wireless carriers on time and
at attractive rates. We believe carriers are drawn to our ability to timely
meet buildout requirements, the reliability of our networks and our status as a
trusted partner that does not compete for retail subscribers. Once we complete
building a rural network, we then benefit from existing roaming agreements with
other national, regional, and local carriers to supplement our initial
revenues. These non‑preferred roaming agreements are usually terminable
within 30 days. Because we have no retail subscribers, we do not incur
retail distribution or retail marketing costs and our customer service costs
are largely limited to technical and engineering support.
Customers. We
currently have roaming agreements with more than 75 United States‑based
wireless service providers. As of December 31, 2006, we were the preferred
roaming carrier for AT&T (under an agreement that terminates at the end of
2008) and Verizon (under an agreement that terminates in mid‑2007) in
selected markets. We are in discussions with these providers to renew those
agreements and seek to enter into multi‑year contracts. In 2006, AT&T
and Verizon accounted for 77% of our U.S. wireless revenues.
Competition. Our
wireless roaming services enable our carrier customers to provide their
subscribers with additional network coverage and service without having to
build and operate their own extended wireless networks. We compete with
wireless service providers that operate networks in our markets and offer
wholesale roaming services. In addition, our carrier customers may also elect
to build or acquire their own infrastructure in a market in which we operate,
reducing or eliminating their need for our services in that market. We believe
the bases on which we compete for wholesale roaming customers are price,
network coverage and quality of service. We expect competition in the rural
wireless sector to be dynamic, as competitors expand their networks and as new
products and services that require supporting connectivity are developed.
Guyana
Operations
Through
our GT&T subsidiary, we offer wireless telephone service in the vast
majority of populated areas in Guyana, including the Georgetown area (Guyana's
capital and largest city) and substantially all of Guyana's coastal plain where
70% of Guyana's population is concentrated.
Guyana
is an English speaking nation and part of the British Commonwealth. Located
along the north coast of South America, it is approximately 83,000 square miles
in size. Guyana has a population of approximately 767,000 people and a per
capita GDP of approximately $4,700.
As of the end of 2006, we estimate that Guyana's teledensity was approximately
16 access lines per 100 inhabitants. Approximately 35% of the population are
wireless subscribers. Economic activity in Guyana is mainly centered on the
export of sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, and
timber.
Network. We
initially constructed a TDMA wireless network in Guyana. In the fourth quarter
of 2004, we launched services on our new GSM/GPRS mobile wireless network,
alongside our existing TDMA network. GSM/GPRS is a more advanced wireless
digital service than TDMA, allowing us to offer richer handset features and
certain wireless data services, while increasing our network capacity. The
launch of GSM services has also helped us enter into roaming agreements with
wireless carriers in a number of other countries, including some of the largest
carriers in the U.S., Europe, Canada and the Caribbean, enabling our
subscribers to use their handsets in other countries and allowing some visitors
to use their wireless phones while in Guyana. At December 31, 2006, we had
roaming agreements with 86 wireless carriers.
We
are currently operating both the TDMA and GSM networks. At December 31,
2006, approximately 23% of our subscribers were on the TDMA network and 77%
were on the GSM
network. In 2006 a large number of our TDMA
subscribers migrated to the GSM network and ceased using TDMA services.
Our
TDMA network operates in approximately 20 MHz of spectrum in the 800 MHz band.
Our GSM network operates in approximately 12 MHz of spectrum in the 900 MHz
band and 36 MHz of spectrum in the 1800 MHz band.
Customers. We
estimate that approximately 85% of the country's population resides in areas
covered by our wireless network. We first introduced wireless service in 1992.
As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 269,000 wireless
subscribers, up 18% from the approximately 228,000 subscribers we had at
December 31, 2005. In the fourth quarter of 2004, we launched services on
a GSM overlay across most of our existing TDMA wireless network. As of
December 31, 2006, over 207,000 of our wireless subscribers were GSM
subscribers. At December 31, 2006, approximately 96% of our wireless
subscribers were on pre‑paid plans.
Sales
and Marketing. We actively market our wireless
services through widespread signage, sponsored events, and merchandise
giveaways as well as through our close, promotional relationships with leading
disc jockeys and radio personalities and other local celebrities. We do not
maintain any traditional retail stores, although all post‑paid wireless
customers set up accounts at one of our six business centers and pre‑paid
customers may do so as well. Our handsets, pre‑paid cards and pre‑paid
accounts are sold primarily through independent dealers who we pay on a
commission basis. Wireless subscribers are offered various calling plans and
are charged a monthly fee plus airtime based on the selected plan. These fees
are payable on either a pre‑paid basis, which means a customer purchases
a calling card with a prescribed number of minutes in advance of any usage, or
a post‑paid basis, which means the subscriber is billed for his or her
minutes of use after usage. Pre‑payments can be made by the purchase of
disposable pre‑paid calling card, which come in fixed Guyanese dollar
amounts, or by recharging an account via our C‑Point electronic terminals
available at authorized vendors. The vast majority of our customers are on pre‑paid
plans.
Competition. We
provide wireless services in Guyana pursuant to a non‑exclusive license.
Since 2004, our primary competition has come from another nationwide GSM
provider. This provider was acquired in October 2006 by Digicel, a large
mobile telecommunications company operating in many Caribbean countries. As a
result, we expect competition to intensify in 2007. We believe the bases on
which we compete for customers are price, promotions, coverage and quality of
service.
Bermuda
Operations
BDC
provides wireless voice and data service to retail and business customers under
the name "Cellular One" throughout the island of Bermuda. BDC
commenced operations in July 1999 and became the largest wireless operator
in Bermuda by 2002. Bermuda has a total population of approximately 66,000 and
a per capita GDP of approximately $69,900, the highest in the world. The
customer base in Bermuda, with its high disposable income and business economy
built on sophisticated financial services, has consistently shown demand for
newer wireless services and capabilities.
Network.
Following rapid upgrades in earlier years from analog to TDMA to CDMA,
in early 2005, BDC enhanced the data speeds and capabilities of its CDMA 1XRTT
network by deploying Evolution Data Optimized (or EV‑DO) services.
Together with the improved handset functionality and data services already
enabled by CDMA 1XRTT technology, EV‑DO enables BDC to offer
significantly higher speed data services. BDC launched these services in the
first quarter of 2005 and they proved to be popular with existing and new
customers. In late 2005, however, BDC was ordered by Bermuda's Minister of
Telecommunications and Technology to cease providing certain of its new data
services. BDC appealed the order and a Bermudian court reversed the Minister's
order in June 2006. The
Minister has appealed this decision which is
scheduled to be heard by the Court of Appeals in June 2007. See
"—Regulation of Our BDC Affiliate." BDC recently upgraded its
EV‑DO network to provide even faster data speeds.
BDC's
advanced network, operating in the 850 MHz frequency band, covers virtually the
entire population of Bermuda. BDC also has extensive backbone facilities on the
island linking its sites, switching facilities and the international
interconnection points. In late 2006, BDC acquired 40% of Hardell Cable TV
which holds the right to deploy a digital television and data network in
Bermuda utilizing the 2.5 GHz band, the same band in which many companies,
including our Virgin Islands subsidiary, have deployed wireless broadband
networks.
Sales
and Marketing. BDC maintains four retail stores and a
service center in Bermuda that are a core part of its brand identity and sales
efforts. BDC also advertises frequently in the newspapers and other media and
sponsor various events and initiatives. BDC sells services in a number of post‑paid
subscription plans that are distinguished largely by the number of minutes and
the enhanced features, such as text messaging, included in the plan. A
substantial majority of BDC's customers subscribe to one of its post‑paid
plans. BDC also has a smaller number of pre‑paid subscribers and has
established "point of sale" payment terminals to enable those customers
to increase their account balance at any one of a number of stores, such as a
local grocer. The stores receive a commission and maintain the terminals.
Customers. At
December 31, 2006, BDC had approximately 21,800 subscribers, which it
estimates to be just less than half of the wireless market in Bermuda. As the
dominant CDMA operator on Bermuda, BDC is the roaming partner for two of the
largest U.S. wireless providers. Since entering into roaming agreements with
these and other providers in 2003 and 2004, BDC's roaming traffic has grown and
it has been able to offer improved roaming services and rates in North America
and elsewhere. This has led to increased roaming revenue in 2006 from visitors
to Bermuda and from BDC subscribers traveling abroad. Leveraging its enhanced
data capabilities, BDC has been working with the providers with which it has
agreements to launch data roaming service and expects reciprocal data roaming
arrangements to be put in place in 2007.
Competition.
Until the fourth quarter of 2001, BDC competed only with the wireless
division of the incumbent telephone company in Bermuda, which operates a GSM
network. In 2001 another operator launched services on its newly built GSM
network. This operator was acquired by AT&T and was subsequently sold in
2005 to Digicel. Although we believe that BDC has the most advanced network in
terms of data speeds and reliability, BDC's competitors currently have an
advantage in their ability to offer roaming in European countries, where all
the major carriers operate GSM networks. One of BDC's competitors has recently
begun to construct a smaller scale CDMA network, which may compete for CDMA
roaming traffic. However, as the main CDMA operator in Bermuda, BDC has strong
relationships with the North American CDMA carriers. We believe the bases on
which we compete for wireless retail customers are features, price, technology
deployed, network coverage (including through roaming arrangements), quality of
service and customer care.
Local Telephone and Data Services
Our
local telephone and data services include our operations in Guyana, the
mainland United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Guyana
Operations
Through
our GT&T subsidiary, we are the exclusive provider of domestic wireline
local and long distance telephone services in Guyana. As of December 31,
2006, we had approximately 120,800 access lines in service. This represents
approximately 16 lines per 100 inhabitants (based on an estimated
population of approximately 767,000), an increase
of approximately 6%, or over 7,300 net new lines, compared to lines in service
at December 31, 2005. Of all fixed lines in service, the majority are in
the largest urban areas, including Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Diamond
and Beterverwagting. During 2006, we continued to extend our network to cover
additional rural towns and communities although at a lesser rate than 2004 and
2005. Despite our substantial and continuing investment in extending our fixed
line network, some rural areas still do not have telephone service. We plan to
bring service to some of these areas in 2007 and beyond, but we expect the pace
of our geographic expansion of wireline buildout to continue to decline absent
an increase in basic service rates or a subsidy to address the disproportionate
cost of operating in remote, sparsely populated areas.
Network. We
have significantly rebuilt and expanded our telecommunications network. Through
December 31, 2006, we have invested approximately $250 million in
Guyanese telecommunications infrastructure. The number of fixed access lines
has increased from approximately 13,000 working lines in January 1991 to
over 120,000 lines as of December 31, 2006, all of which are now digitally
switched lines. Over 5,000 of these lines are located in the Essequibo river
delta area and services are delivered to those lines through a fixed wireless
technology. Since the provider of this technology no longer adequately supports
it, we expect to replace that fixed wireless network in 2007 or 2008 with an
alternative technology for delivering both telephone and data services to
households and businesses in that region. The deployment of new technology is
expected to stimulate growth in this region, which was unserved pending the
decision on the new system.
In
addition, we estimate that we have installed over 700 public telephones in
locations across the country providing telecommunications for both local and
international calls in areas that previously did not have service. We also
maintain three public telephone centers at which the public can pay to use an
ordinary residential‑type telephone to make international and domestic
calls.
Sales
and Marketing. Our revenues for fixed access domestic
service are derived from installation charges for new lines, monthly line
rental charges, monthly measured service charges based on the number and
duration of calls and other charges for maintenance and other customer
services. For each category of revenues, rates differ for residential and
commercial customers. Customers desiring to obtain an access line submit
written applications to one of our customer service offices. Service
representatives process the applications and service is installed within about
two weeks (or, if service is not yet available in that area, the applicant is
placed on a waiting list). We employ a minimal sales force, as wireline sales
are primarily driven by network expansion and availability of service. Our
wireline subscribers pay for telephone service (including international long
distance) after being billed for it. Customers can pay their bills at any one
of our six business centers, any Western Union branch, commercial banks and
post offices.
Customers. We
provide our wireline telephone services to residential and commercial customers.
As a result of our continued network expansion into smaller communities,
residential customers account for a growing portion of local telephone service
revenues and the vast majority of new lines in service. In 2006, residential
customers contributed approximately two thirds of the wireline local telephone
service revenue and commercial customers provided approximately one third.
Competition.
Pursuant to our license from the Government of Guyana, we have the
exclusive right to provide domestic wireline local, long distance and
international voice and data service in Guyana. The exclusivity provisions of
our license have been the subject of negotiations with the Government of
Guyana. See "—Regulation of Our GT&T Subsidiary—Other Regulatory
Developments" and "Risk Factors—Our exclusive license to
provide local exchange and long distance telephone services in Guyana is
subject to significant political and regulatory risk."
U.S. Operations
As
a result of acquiring Sovernet in February 2006, we are a leading
competitive integrated voice and broadband data communications services
provider in Vermont. We also provide services in parts of New Hampshire and
expect to expand further into neighboring states in 2007.
Network. We
provide voice and data services using a network comprised of telecommunications
switching and related equipment that we own and telecommunications lines that
we typically lease from the incumbent telephone company. We operate a high
capacity fiber‑optic ring network in Vermont that we use to connect 10 of
our largest markets in the state. As of December 31, 2006, we had
approximately 25,600 business and 4,400 residential access line equivalents, or
ALEs, in billing. ALEs are calculated by determining the number of individual
voice or data lines in a high‑speed/high‑capacity circuit.
Sales
and Marketing. We sell our services primarily through
a direct sales force that assists customers in choosing tailored solutions for
their unique communication needs. The direct sales staff focuses on selling
integrated voice and data to small and medium‑sized businesses and other
organizations. The sales force is geographically dispersed to maximize customer
acquisition. Residential services are largely sold through advertising and word
of mouth. We advertise on television and radio through cooperative arrangements
and engage in other promotional activities from time to time.
Customers. We
focus on two subsets of customers in this market: small to medium sized
businesses (or SMBs) and residential customers, with a particular focus on SMBs
going forward. Our SMB customers require multiple telephone lines for voice
communications, digital subscriber line (or DSL), DS1 and/or DS3 broadband data
communications capacity. Our residential customers require voice and data
communications (using either DSL or lower‑speed, dial‑up modems for
data communications). As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 4,000
business accounts and 3,500 residential accounts.
Competition. We
compete for customers by offering customized voice and data solutions designed
to meet the specific needs of our two targeted subsets of customers, coupled
with superior customer service and competitive pricing. Our primary competitor
is Verizon, the incumbent telecommunications provider. In January 2007,
Verizon announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its access lines and
local telephone business in Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine to an entity owned
by Verizon shareholders and Fairpoint Communications, a smaller rural telephone
company based in North Carolina. This transaction is subject to regulatory
approval and other conditions. We also compete occasionally with other
competitive service providers who target small and medium sized businesses,
cable companies and other Internet service providers seeking to provide voice
and/or data services primarily to residential customers.
U.S.
Virgin Islands Operations
Through
our Choice subsidiary, we are a leading provider of Internet access services in
the U.S. Virgin Islands. We provide Internet access services throughout the
U.S. Virgin Islands, primarily under the domain names viaccess.net and
islands.vi. Internet service is provided by dial‑up and a variety of
wireless broadband technologies. The broadband services include near‑line‑of‑sight
(or NLOS) portable wireless capabilities sold under the ClearChoice™
service name and WiFi hotspots and fixed wireless. We also provide fixed
wireless digital television services to residential subscribers and hotel
rooms. In July of 2005, we launched our new ClearChoice™ service, a NLOS
broadband wireless service that allows residential and small business customers
to easily self‑install the broadband Internet service and provides the
customer the ability to move service from one location to another. We completed
major infrastructure build‑outs in 2004 that significantly expanded the
service areas covered by our wireless network. In 2005 and 2006, we expanded
our broadband and television coverage, in addition to the
launch of ClearChoice™ on the islands of St.
Thomas and St. John, with the addition of a new tower on the southeast side of
St. Thomas. We have also continued our rollout of broadband WiFi hotspots to
serve the extensive tourist market.
With
respect to our Internet access services, we continue to experience an increase
in customer demand for broadband access services and a decrease in customer
demand for dial‑up services. As of the end of 2006, the number of our
broadband data customers increased by 146% compared to 2005, due to the
continued popularity and increased coverage of our ClearChoice™ service.
During 2006, we also sold high capacity fixed wireless data services to some
significant new business and governmental customers. During the same period the
number of our dial‑up subscribers decreased by 16%.
Network. We
have expanded our digital television and data networks over the last three
years to support new service capabilities and provide more capacity for new
broadband Internet customers. In 2004, we decided to build our core and primary
customer access data networks using licensed spectrum to avoid the radio
interference that often occurs in the U.S. Virgin Islands. All our services
(other than customer access at our WiFi hotspots) are provided over this
licensed spectrum. Although we are currently the only carrier in the U.S. Virgin
Islands using licensed spectrum to provide these services, we believe other
carriers will soon offer these services using a recently auctioned spectrum
band, or other licensed spectrum. In general, our network consists of high‑capacity,
microwave backbone systems with lower capacity links for NLOS and WiFi access
points. Our digital head‑end feeds the television network and off‑island
connectivity is provided by leased, fiber‑based interconnections.
Sales
and Marketing. We have expanded our presence in the
marketplace by continued leverage of the Choice name. Newer services, such as
ClearChoice™, incorporate the marketplace recognition of the Choice name.
We have three retail locations in the U.S. Virgin Islands that account for the
majority of customer interaction. We also have direct sales and increased
efforts to sell our high speed data products to potential business and
governmental customers.
Customers. Our
services are offered to local residential customers, hotels and lodging
facilities, other local businesses and governmental agencies.
Competition. Our
Internet access services compete mostly with the local telephone company, as
well as some smaller Internet providers. Competition from mobile wireless
carriers may increase in the future. Our digital television services compete
mostly with the local cable television provider and, to a much lesser extent,
satellite television service providers. We believe the bases on which we
compete for wireless broadband customers are price, ease of installation and
network quality. We believe the bases on which we compete for wireless digital
television customers are price, programming and customer service.
International Long Distance Services
Through
our GT&T subsidiary, we are the exclusive provider of international long
distance voice and data communications into and out of Guyana. We collect a
payment from foreign carriers for handling international long distance calls
originating from the foreign carriers' country and terminating in Guyana. We
make a payment to foreign carriers for international calls from Guyana
terminating in the foreign carrier's country and are entitled to collect from
our subscribers (and from competing wireless carriers), a rate that is
regulated by the Public Utilities Commission of Guyana.
For
fiscal years 2004, 2005 and 2006, our revenues from international long distance
services were 53%, 44% and 30%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues.
Most of these revenues were from collecting settlement rate payments, which are
paid in U.S. dollars, for international long distance calls into Guyana from
other countries.
For fiscal years 2004, 2005 and 2006, inbound
international long distance traffic (together with outbound collect which also
entitles us to receive a settlement rate payment), was approximately 85% of our
total minutes of international long distance traffic as shown in the table
below:
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(minutes
in thousands)
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Inbound
paid and outbound collect................................................................
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Outbound
paid.......................................................................................................
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Total.......................................................................................................................
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We
estimate that over one million Guyanese live in the United States, Canada and
the United Kingdom and drive this profitable traffic to Guyana. With respect to
outgoing international traffic, during the past three years, amounts collected
by us for outbound international traffic have in the aggregate exceeded the
payments due to foreign carriers for such traffic, and the average rate we pay
for outgoing international traffic has declined significantly as well.
The
rates at which we collect fees from foreign carriers for handling incoming
international long distance calls, and the rates at which we pay foreign
carriers for handling outgoing international calls, are established by
agreement between us and the foreign carriers, and can be affected by maximum
limits set by foreign telecommunications regulators, such as the Federal
Communications Commission (or the FCC), as to how much carriers under their
jurisdiction may pay for the termination of an international traffic in another
country.
Network. Our
international long distance network is linked with the rest of the world
principally through our ownership of a portion of the Americas II undersea fiber
optic cable, which was commissioned in October 2000. We own capacity in
four international fiber optic cables—the Americas I cable, which runs
from Brazil to Trinidad, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the mainland United
States, the Columbus II cable, which runs from the Caribbean region to the
Azores, the Eastern Caribbean Fiber System (or ECFS) cable from Trinidad to
Tortola and the Americas II cable which runs from Brazil through the Caribbean
to the United States with a branch through French Guiana, Suriname and Guyana.
We also lease capacity on an Intelsat satellite. We have two Standard B earth
stations, which provide both international and local services, and provide a
partial back‑up to our fiber optic cable capacity.
Sales
and Marketing. Our international long distance
business is driven by the population of Guyanese living abroad and the number
of people in Guyana capable of initiating and receiving international long
distance calls, which consists of wireline telephone customers and all of the wireless
subscribers in Guyana (including subscribers of other wireless service
providers). We do not market long distance service independent of domestic
wireline and wireless services.
Customers. With
respect to outgoing international long distance calls, our customers consist of
our local wireline customers and wireless subscribers. With respect to incoming
international long distance calls, we receive payments from foreign carriers,
especially Verizon and IDT Corporation. For 2004, 2005 and 2006, Verizon
accounted for approximately 16%, 9% and 9%, respectively, and IDT Corporation
accounted for approximately 12%, 14% and 10%, respectively, of our consolidated
revenue. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in
this Report.
Competition.
Pursuant to our license from the Government of Guyana, we have the
exclusive right to provide international long distance voice and data service
into and out of Guyana. The exclusivity provisions of our license have been the
subject of negotiations with the Government of Guyana. See "Regulation of
our GT&T Subsidiary—Other Regulatory Developments." and
"Risk Factors—Our exclusive license to provide local exchange and
long distances telephone services in
Guyana is subject to significant political and
regulatory risk." In addition, we have become aware of efforts to bypass
our international exchange and avoid paying us termination fees. We have taken
action against local companies and individuals who are engaging in these
efforts. In addition, we have made complaints to various foreign carriers and
regulatory bodies in an effort to protect our network and our rights under our
license. We will continue to monitor these activities and move vigorously to
defend our interests. See "Risk
Factors—Any significant
decline in the price or volume of international long distance calls to Guyana
could adversely affect our financial condition and results."
Employees
As
of December 31, 2006, we had 852 employees (797 full‑time and 55
part‑time), approximately 700 of which were employed by our GT&T
subsidiary. At the holding company level, we employ the executive management
team and minimal staff. More than half of the GT&T full‑time work
force is represented by the Guyana Postal and Telecommunications Workers Union.
GT&T completed its most recent negotiations with the union in the fourth
quarter of 2006 on the salaries and wages section of a new contract and signed
an agreement (which applies to non‑unionized personnel as well) awarding
workers a 6.5% increase for the period from October 2006 to
September 2007 and a 5% increase for the period from October 2007 to
September 2008. GT&T management and the union are presently engaged in
negotiating an increase in employee benefit allowances to account for the new
VAT tax of 16% now levied on many of the benefit allowances paid to employees
of GT&T. GT&T's contract with the union expires in September 2008.
We do not have any union employees in Bermuda or the United States.
We
consider our employee relations to be satisfactory.
Regulation
Our
telecommunications operations are subject to extensive governmental regulation.
The following summary of regulatory developments and legislation does not
purport to describe all present and proposed federal, state, local, and foreign
regulation and legislation that may affect our businesses. Please refer to
Note 11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report
for a more detailed discussion of regulatory and litigation matters that
concern our business.
Legislative
or regulatory requirements currently applicable to our businesses may change in
the future and legislative or regulatory requirements may be adopted by those
jurisdictions that currently have none. Any such changes could impose new
obligations on us that would adversely affect our operating results.
Regulation of Our GT&T Subsidiary
We
are subject to regulation in Guyana under the provisions of our licenses from
the Government of Guyana, the Guyana Public Utilities Commission Act of 1999
(or PUC law) and the Guyana Telecommunications Act 1990 (or Telecommunications
Law). The Public Utilities Commission of Guyana (or PUC) is an independent
statutory body with the principal responsibility for regulating
telecommunications services in Guyana. We also have certain significant rights
and obligations under our agreement with Guyana pursuant to which we acquired
our interests in GT&T in 1991, which we refer to as the Guyana Agreement.
Licenses. We
provide domestic local and long distance wireline telephone services in Guyana
pursuant to a license from the Government of Guyana granting us the exclusive
right to provide: public telephone, radio telephone, and pay telephone
services; national and international wireline voice and data communications;
sale of advertising in any telephone directories; and, switched or non‑switched
private line service. Rates for most of our services must be approved by the
PUC. The license, which was issued in December 1990, has a 20‑year
term and is renewable for an additional 20 year term at
our option. We provide wireless telephone service
in Guyana pursuant to a non‑exclusive license from the Government of
Guyana. Our wireless license also was granted in December 1990 and has a
20 year term, which is renewable for an additional 20‑year term at
our option.
Guyana
Agreement. In 1991, we entered into the Guyana
Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to provide telecommunications services
for public use in Guyana, including completing by February 1995 a
significant expansion of those services, in exchange for a minimum return of
15% per annum on GT&T's capital dedicated to public use (or rate base).
Based on a rate of return methodology consistent with the practices and
procedures of the FCC, we believe the rate base includes GT&T's entire
property, plant and equipment. The PUC, however, has disallowed or challenged
several million dollars of franchise rights and working capital that we believe
should be included in the rate base. The Guyana Agreement also provides that,
upon non‑renewal of our exclusive wireline license, the Government of
Guyana will be entitled to purchase our interest in GT&T or the assets of
GT&T upon mutually agreed upon terms or, absent such agreement, as may be
determined by arbitration before the International Center for the Settlement of
Investment Disputes.
PUC
Law and Telecommunications Law. The PUC Law and the Telecommunications
Law provide the general framework for the regulation of telecommunications
services in Guyana. The PUC has authority to set rates and has certain powers
to monitor our compliance with our exclusive wireline license and to require us
to supply it with such technical, administrative and financial information as
it may request. While we have challenged its position, the PUC claims broad
authority to review and amend any of our programs for development and expansion
of facilities or services.
We
believe that the PUC has failed to adhere to the provisions of the Guyana
Agreement guaranteeing us a minimum 15% per annum return on GT&T's rate
base as required under the current PUC Law and predecessor statutes in effect
since 1990. For a description of recent actions of the PUC, see Note 11 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
Other
Regulatory Developments. In 2001, the Government of Guyana
announced its intention to introduce additional competition into Guyana's
telecommunications sector and reports and comments since that date indicate
that this remains the Government's intention. We believe that the introduction
of wireline‑based competition would require the termination of certain
exclusivity provisions of our wireline license, and thus would require our
consent and appropriate compensation to GT&T, including but not limited to
an adjustment of service rates to reflect the real economic cost of providing
such services. The government recently informed GT&T directly of its desire
to hold talks in 2007 regarding the exclusivity terms of GT&T's license.
Any such talks are likely to cover a number of outstanding issues, such as
certain tax matters. We also believe that the government is considering
shifting from rate of return regulation to incentive rate‑cap regulation.
GT&T has not had formal discussions with Government officials regarding
rate regulation or the introduction of additional competition since the second
quarter of 2002. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations—Overview" and Note 11 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
In
April 2006, the National Assembly of Guyana enacted the Competition and
Fair Trading Act as part of an effort to promote fair trading practices among
businesses in Guyana and the Caribbean region. This Act prohibits anti‑competitive
business conduct which prevents, restricts or distorts competition or
constitutes the abuse of a dominant position in the market. Because the Act
specifically does not apply to activities expressly approved under any treaty
or agreement to which Guyana is a party, we do not believe that it has any
impact on the continued effectiveness of the exclusive license held by
GT&T, which was granted pursuant to an agreement with Guyana. However, we
do expect that the Act would apply to any misconduct leveraging a dominant market
position. The Act contemplates the establishment of a Competition Commission to
oversee the enforcement of the Act, including investigating misconduct that may
improperly leverage a dominant market position. This new
Competition Commission would have authority over
public utilities, including GT&T, with respect only to the provisions of
the Act and would be required to consult with the PUC before taking any actions
against a public utility.
In
March 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (or NFMU) reallocated
the GSM 900 MHz spectrum, which was previously divided into two 24 MHz bands
(awarded to GT&T and CelStar Guyana, Inc.), into four 12 MHz bands,
with the expectation of licensing two additional wireless providers. In
January 2006, GT&T asked the Prime Minister, who is responsible for
telecommunications, to increase the frequency allocation in the Georgetown
boundary area as it was becoming clear that the limited spectrum allocation was
creating significant problems for operators and their customers because of the
constraints it imposed on network capacity. This area has a very dense
population and constitutes over 40% of total wireless use in Guyana. In
connection with the subdivision of the GSM 900 MHz spectrum, the Government
granted GT&T additional GSM 1800 MHz spectrum in May 2006. GT&T is
utilizing equipment in this spectrum band which has significantly helped it to
reduce congestion in higher traffic areas.
In
November 2006, Digicel, which operates a cellular 900 MHz service in other
Caribbean countries, announced that it had acquired the assets of CelStar
Guyana Inc., or CSG, our then existing wireless competitor, including
CSG's mobile license. As a result, Digicel withdrew its request to the
Government of Guyana for a separate mobile license which it had submitted prior
to the acquisition. Also, Digicel caused CSG to withdraw CSG's previously
submitted application for a second license in the GSM 900 MHz band under the
name and in the corporate entity of U‑Mobile.
In
January 2007, the PUC issued a ruling allowing cellular companies the
freedom to set peak rates within a floor of G$7.00 (approximately US $0.035)
and a ceiling of G$32.00 (approximately US$0.16), with an off‑peak
ceiling of not less than 12% below the peak ceiling. Our current peak rates
range from G$17.00 to G$38.00. The PUC also directed GT&T and Digicel to
initiate per second billing for cellular service as opposed to the pre‑existing
practice of per‑minute billing.
FCC
Rule‑Making and International Long Distance Rates. The
actions of telecommunications regulators, especially the FCC, affect the
settlement rate payable by foreign carriers to GT&T for handling incoming
international long distance calls. In 1997, the FCC adopted mandatory
international accounting and settlement rate benchmarks for many countries. In
January 2002, the FCC reduced the settlement rate benchmark for low‑income
countries, including Guyana from $0.85 to $0.23 per minute. The reduction in
the settlement rate resulted in a substantial reduction in inbound
international telecommunication revenue. See "Management Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Overview."
In 2002, and again in 2003, AT&T proposed further reductions in the
settlement rate benchmarks for many countries, including Guyana, and requested
that the FCC initiate a rule‑making to consider the issue. While the FCC
rejected AT&T's request in early 2004, it indicated that it will continue
to monitor and evaluate settlement rate benchmarks.
U.S. Federal Regulation of Our Commnet,
Sovernet, and Choice Subsidiaries
Our
operations in the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands are governed by the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended (or Communications Act), among other
regulatory regimes. The Communications Act contains provisions specifically
applicable to our wireless services, as well as provisions applicable to both
our wireless and landline services.
Wireless Services
The
FCC regulates the licensing, construction, operation, acquisition and sale of wireless
systems in the United States.
Licenses. We
provide our wireless services under various commercial mobile radio services
(or CMRS) licenses granted by the FCC and pursuant to leases of spectrum from
FCC‑licensed operators. Some of these licenses are site‑based while
others cover specified geographic market areas, typically Basic Trading Areas
(or BTAs), as defined by the FCC. The FCC generally grants all CMRS licenses
through an auction process, after determining how many licenses to make available
in particular frequency ranges and the terms on which the license auction will
be conducted.
License
Renewals. These licenses generally have a 10‑year
term and are renewable upon application to the FCC. Licenses may be revoked for
cause, and license renewal applications may be denied if the FCC determines
that renewal would not serve the public interest, convenience, or necessity. At
the time of renewal, if we can demonstrate that we have complied with
applicable FCC rules and policies and the Communications Act, then the FCC will
award a renewal expectancy to us and will generally renew our existing licenses
without considering any competing applications. If we do not receive a renewal
expectancy, then the FCC will accept competing applications for the license and
conduct a comparative hearing. In that situation, the FCC may award the license
to another applicant. While our licenses have been renewed regularly by the FCC
in the past, there can be no assurance that all of our licenses will be renewed
in the future.
The
FCC may deny applications and, in extreme cases, revoke licenses, if it finds
that an entity lacks the requisite "character" qualifications to be a
licensee. In making that determination, the FCC considers whether an applicant
or licensee has been the subject of adverse findings in a judicial or
administrative proceeding involving felonies, the possession or sale of
unlawful drugs, fraud, antitrust violations, or unfair competition, employment
discrimination, misrepresentations to the FCC or other government agencies, or
serious violations of the Communications Act or FCC regulations. To our
knowledge, there are no activities and no judicial or administrative
proceedings involving either us or the licensees in which we hold a controlling
interest that would warrant such a finding by the FCC.
With
respect to some of our licenses, if we were to discontinue operation of a
wireless system for a period of at least 90 continuous days, our license for
that area would be automatically forfeited.
License
Acquisitions. The FCC's prior approval is required
for the assignment or transfer of control of a license for a wireless system.
Before we can complete a purchase or sale, we must file appropriate
applications with the FCC, which the FCC then puts on public notice, typically
providing the public with 14 days to oppose or comment on the proposed
transaction. In addition, the FCC has implemented disclosure obligations that
require licensees that assign or transfer control of a license acquired in an
auction within the first three years of the license term to file associated
sale contracts, option agreements, management agreements, or other documents
disclosing the total consideration that the licensee would receive in return
for the transfer or assignment of its license. Non‑controlling minority
interests in an entity that holds a FCC license generally may be bought or sold
without FCC approval, subject to any applicable FCC notification requirements.
The
FCC now permits licensees to lease spectrum under certain conditions including
either notice to the FCC or prior approval from the FCC, depending on the level
of control retained by the Licensee. Spectrum leasing provides additional
flexibility for wireless providers to structure transactions and creates
additional business and investment opportunities. We are leasing spectrum in
certain areas. Further, the FCC now engages in a case‑by‑case
review of proposed transactions (license agreements and leases) in which an
entity would be attributed an interest in ownership of certain amounts of CMRS
spectrum. We believe the FCC's recent changes could further increase the
ability of wireless operators to attract capital or to make investments in
other wireless operators.
Other
Requirements. Wireless providers must satisfy a
variety of FCC requirements relating to technical and reporting matters. One
requirement of wireless providers is the coordination of proposed frequency
usage with adjacent wireless users, permittees, and licensees in order to avoid
interference
between adjacent systems. In addition, the height
and power of wireless base station transmitting facilities and the type of
signals they emit must fall within specified parameters. Also, CMRS operators
must be able to transmit 911 calls from any qualified handset without credit
check or validation and are required to provide the location of the 911 caller
within an increasingly narrow geographic range. CMRS operators are also
required to provide 911 service for individuals with speech and hearing
disabilities.
The
radio systems towers that we own and lease are subject to Federal Aviation
Administration and FCC regulations that govern the location, marking, lighting,
and construction of towers and are subject to the requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act, and other
environmental statutes enforced by the FCC. The FCC has also adopted guidelines
and methods for evaluating human exposure to radio frequency emissions from
radio equipment. We believe that all of our radio systems on towers that we own
or lease comply in all material respects with these requirements, guidelines,
and methods.
In
August 2005, the FCC initiated a proceeding to review the rules governing
roaming services, or arrangements between CMRS operators when one operator's
subscribers make or receive calls over a second operator's network. We cannot
predict the net impact of any changes in the roaming rules on us.
Wireless and Wireline Services
In
general, all telecommunications providers are obligated to contribute to the
federal Universal Service Fund (or USF), which is used to promote the
availability of wireline and wireless telephone service to individuals and
families qualifying for federal assistance, households located in rural and
high‑cost areas, and to schools, libraries and rural health care
providers. Contributions to the federal USF are based on end user interstate
telecommunications revenue. Some states have similar programs which require
contribution based on end user intrastate telecommunications revenue.
Amendments
to the Communications Act encourage competition in local telecommunications
markets by removing barriers to market entry and imposing on non‑rural
incumbent local exchange carriers (or ILECs), among other things, duties to:
·
negotiate interconnection agreements at any technically
feasible point on just, reasonable, and non‑discriminatory rates, terms,
and conditions;
·
provide access to certain unbundled network elements
(or UNEs), such as local loops and interoffice transport, or combinations of
UNEs at nondiscriminatory, cost‑based rates in certain circumstances;
·
provide physical collocation, which allows competitive
local exchange carriers (or CLECs), such as Sovernet, to install and maintain
its network termination equipment in an ILEC's central office or to obtain
functionally equivalent forms of interconnection under certain circumstances;
·
provide access to poles, ducts, conduits, and rights‑of‑way
on a reasonable, non‑discriminatory basis;
·
offer retail local telephone services to resellers at
discounted wholesale rates;
·
when a call originates on its network, compensate other
telephone companies for terminating or transporting the call;
·
provide dialing parity, which ensures that customers
are able to route their calls to telecommunications service providers without
having to dial additional digits;
·
provide notice of changes in information needed for
another carrier to transmit and route services using its facilities; and
·
provide telephone number portability, so customers may
keep the same telephone number if they switch service providers.
In
addition, under Section 271 of the Communications Act, the Bell Operating
Companies (or BOCs) have an obligation to provide certain network elements, including
elements (for example, local switching) that have been removed from the
mandatory list of network elements that must be unbundled under
Section 251 of the Communications Act. The BOCs are required to provide
Section 271 network elements under a "just and reasonable"
pricing standard. However, the FCC has removed the BOC's obligation to provide
certain network elements under Section 271. There can be no assurance that
the FCC will not continue to exercise its authority to remove other Section 271
network element obligations in the future. Any such action by the FCC may have
an adverse effect on Sovernet's financial condition or operations. Sovernet
operates in a region where the ILEC is required to comply with the above‑mentioned
statutory provisions, and, accordingly, has benefited from the reduced costs in
acquiring required communication services, such as ILEC interconnection, and
has benefited from the right to receive compensation for the termination of
traffic. Provisions relating to interconnection, telephone number portability,
equal access, and resale could, however, subject us to increased competition
and additional economic and regulatory burdens.
Choice
has not similarly benefited from these provisions, because, in contrast to
Sovernet, Choice operates in a region where the ILEC is classified as a rural
ILEC, such that under Section 251(f) of the Communications Act, the rural
ILEC is exempt from certain unbundling and other obligations that are set forth
in Section 251(c) of the Communications Act.
Internet Services
We
provide Internet access services as an Internet service provider (or ISP). The
FCC has classified such services as information services, so they are not
subject to various regulatory obligations that are imposed on common carriers,
such as paying access charges or contributing to the Universal Service Fund.
The FCC generally preempts state and local regulation of information services.
On September 23, 2005, the FCC issued a general policy statement regarding
neutral access to and operation of the Internet. SBC and Verizon, the two
largest ILECs, agreed to conduct their businesses in compliance with the FCC
policy as a condition of the FCC's approval of their acquisitions of AT&T
and MCI, respectively. We, however, do not know to what extent or in what
context the FCC will enforce these policies, and whether the FCC will constrain
any ILEC actions taken in contravention of these policies. There may be new
legislation or further FCC action to address access to the Internet, and we
cannot predict the impact of any such actions on our results or operations.
State Regulation of Our Commnet and Sovernet
Subsidiaries
Federal
law preempts state and local regulation of the entry of, or the rates charged
by, any CMRS provider. As a practical matter, we are free to establish rates
and offer new products and service with a minimum of regulatory requirements.
The states in which we operate maintain nominal oversight jurisdiction. For
example, although states do not have the authority to regulate the entry or the
rates charged by CMRS providers, states may regulate the "other terms and
conditions" of a CMRS provider's service. Most states still maintain some
form of jurisdiction over complaints as to the nature or quality of services
and as to billing issues. Since states may continue to regulate "other
terms and conditions" of wireless service, and a number of state
authorities have initiated actions or investigations of various wireless
carrier practices, the outcome of these proceedings is uncertain and could
require us to change certain of our practices and ultimately increase state
regulatory authority over the wireless industry. States and localities assess
on wireless carriers taxes and fees that may equal or even exceed federal obligations.
The
location and construction of our wireless transmitter towers and antennas are
subject to state and local environmental regulation, as well as state or local
zoning, land use and other regulation. Before we can put a system into
commercial operation, we must obtain all necessary zoning and building permit
approvals for the cell site and tower locations. The time needed to obtain
zoning approvals and requisite state permits varies from market to market and
state to state. Likewise, variations exist in local zoning processes. If zoning
approval or requisite state permits cannot be obtained, or if environmental
rules make construction impossible or infeasible on a particular site, our
network design might be adversely affected, network design costs could increase
and the service provided to our customers might be reduced.
Regulation of Our Choice Subsidiary
Our
operations in the U.S. Virgin Islands are regulated by the FCC and governed by
the Communications Act. Like other states, the U.S. Virgin Islands has a Public
Services Commission (or PSC) that oversees public utilities including the local
telephone company. We are not regulated by the PSC, however, we often appear
before the PSC in our efforts to provide competitive telecommunications services
in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
In
2002, we petitioned the PSC for classification as an "Eligible
Telecommunications Carrier" (or ETC), which would permit us to apply for
Universal Service Fund (or USF) support to deploy telecommunications services
in the U.S. Virgin Islands, which is classified as a rural and high‑cost
area for USF purposes. In 2004, the PSC concluded that it lacked jurisdiction
to decide this issue and directed the petition to the FCC. In
January 2005, we filed a petition for ETC status with the FCC, which
remains pending. If we are designated an ETC, a significant capital investment
may be necessary to build out the capabilities to sustain the ETC designation
and meet the requirements for federal USF support.
In
July 2004, the FCC released an Order revising the rules and spectrum band
plan applicable to the Broadband Radio Service and Educational Broadband
Service. These are the spectrum bands through which we operate our video and
broadband data services. The new rules restructure these bands and could impact
our operations and customers. Choice objected to the new rules and requested an
opportunity to opt‑out of the new band plan. In April 2006, the FCC
declined to adopt an opt‑out provision, but stated that requests for
waivers will be considered on a case‑by‑case basis. We believe a
request for waiver from Choice would be viewed favorably by the FCC.
In
a separate proceeding in September 2005, the FCC released an order
reallocating to Advanced Wireless Services (or AWS) another spectrum band used
by Choice for its broadband data service. In September 2006, the FCC
completed an auction of new AWS spectrum to new licensees of AWS. As a result,
we will be required to relocate certain operations to different spectrum, which
may result in a reduction of the amount of overall spectrum available to us.
However, we believe any disruption to operations by relocating to accommodate
new AWS licensees will be mitigated by the FCC's relocation and compensation
rules which specify a mandatory, multi‑year negotiation period and
relocation to comparable facilities with the costs borne by the party
precipitating the relocation.
We
believe Choice has successfully minimized the potential negative impact of
these rules and proceedings on us.
Regulation of Our BDC Affiliate
In
Bermuda, our BDC affiliate is subject to Bermuda's Telecommunications Act of
1986, as amended. In November 2005, the Minister of Telecommunications and
Technology directed BDC to cease offering certain data services through its "Bull"
branded wireless modem. BDC challenged the directive in Bermuda court claiming
that the directive contravenes BDC's license to provide data
services and BDC's long history of providing data
services. In June 2006, the court ruled in favor of BDC. The ministry has
filed an appeal which is scheduled to be heard in June 2007.
In
August 2006, the Bermuda Ministry of Telecommunications & E‑Commerce
released an industry consultation document seeking comment on a new regulatory
framework for the telecommunications industry. The ministry asked current
telecommunications service providers to comment on methods to liberalize the
telecommunications industry in Bermuda including converting existing service‑specific
licenses to Unified Domestic Licenses (or UDLs) that permit any company to
offer any type of service. Adoption of the UDL proposal may void any decision
of the Appeals court adverse to the BDC. This inquiry is in its early stages
and BDC is actively participating in the process at the ministry to make its
position known.
Taxation—Guyana
GT&T's
worldwide income is subject to Guyanese tax at a rate of 45% of taxable income.
The Guyana Agreement provides that the repatriation of dividends to Atlantic
Tele‑Network and any payment of interest on GT&T debt denominated in
foreign currency are not subject to withholding taxes. It also provides that
fees payable by GT&T to Atlantic Tele‑Network or any of its
subsidiaries for management services shall be payable in foreign currency and
shall not be subject to currency restrictions or withholding or other Guyana
taxes. GT&T has a number of tax issues pending before the Guyana revenue
authorities or the Guyana courts. See "Risk Factors—Risk Relating to
Our Wireless and Wireline Services in Guyana—GT&T is engaged in
significant tax disputes with the Guyanese tax authorities which could
adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations" and
Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
Taxation—United States
As
a U.S. corporation, Atlantic Tele‑Network is subject to U.S. federal
income taxation on its worldwide net income, currently at rates up to 35% of
taxable income. Due to the 2005 acquisition of Commnet Wireless, LLC and its
classification as a domestic partnership for U.S. tax purposes, Atlantic Tele‑Network
has included its pro rata share of Commnet's taxable income in its U.S. taxable
income. In February 2006, Atlantic Tele‑Network acquired
Sovernet, Inc., also a domestic based company.
In
general, a U.S. corporation is only subject to U.S. taxation on the earnings
and profits (or E&P) of a foreign corporation when they are actually
distributed. However, there are exceptions for certain types of income of a
controlled foreign corporation (or CFC) that may require E&P to be included
in the United States parent's taxable income before it is actually distributed.
GT&T
is a CFC for purposes of the Subpart F provisions of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended or the Code. Under those provisions, Atlantic Tele‑Network
may be required to include in income certain E&P at the time such E&P
are earned by GT&T, or at certain other times prior to being distributed to
Atlantic Tele‑Network. These earnings are referred to as "Subpart
F" income. In general, to the extent E&P are distributed in a later
year, the previously taxed amounts are not subject to U.S. taxation upon the
distribution. For the current year, Atlantic Tele‑Network has included
into U.S. income a portion of the unremitted E&P of GT&T. Pursuant to
the foreign tax credit provisions of the Code, and subject to complex
limitations contained under those provisions, Atlantic Tele‑Network is
entitled to credit foreign withholding taxes on dividends or interest received,
and foreign corporate income taxes of its subsidiaries paid with respect to
income distributed as dividends or income inclusions under Subpart F from such
subsidiaries, against Atlantic Tele‑Network's U.S. federal income tax.
On
October 22, 2004, the American Jobs Creation Act, which addressed multiple
areas of U.S. taxation, was signed into law. For Atlantic Tele‑Network,
the most relevant sections included an increased carryforward period of certain
foreign tax credits from 5 years to 10 years and increased ability to
offset Alternative Minimum Tax (or AMT) with foreign tax credits. As of the end
of 2006, Atlantic Tele‑Network has a foreign tax credit carryforward of
approximately $16.9 million. These credits begin expiring in 2011. Based
upon current projections and planning, Atlantic Tele‑Network currently
estimates that it is more likely than not that $11.6 million of these
credits will expire unutilized. It has therefore placed a valuation allowance
of $11.6 million against the foreign tax credit carryforward.
Historically, Atlantic Tele‑Network's overall effective tax rate exceeds
the effective tax rates for Guyana and the U.S. The higher effective tax rate
is attributable to reserves provided for uncertain tax positions in Guyana, the
operating losses with respect to Choice Communications that Atlantic Tele‑Network
has not been able to derive any tax benefits from and state taxes that have
resulted from the acquisition of Commnet.
A
U.S. corporation is classified as a Personal Holding Company (or PHC) if
(a) more than 50% of its capital stock is owned directly or indirectly by
or for five or fewer individuals (or pension plans); and (b) at least 60%
of its adjusted ordinary gross income consists of certain types of income
(principally passive income, including interest and dividends) included in the
Code definition of "PHC Income." For any taxable year that a
corporation is a PHC, the "undistributed personal holding company
income" of such corporation for that year (i.e., the net income of the
corporation as reflected on its U.S. corporate income tax return, with certain
adjustments, minus, in general, federal income tax and dividends distributed or
deemed distributed for this purpose) would be subject to an additional PHC tax
of 15%. Atlantic Tele‑Network satisfied the above ownership criterion
prior to its July 2006 common stock offering but we believe Atlantic Tele‑Network
did not satisfy the income criterion for classification as a PHC for 2004, 2005
and 2006.
Available Information
Our
website address is www.atni.com. The information on our website is not
incorporated by reference in this Report and you should not consider
information provided on our website to be part of this Report. You may access,
free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10‑K, quarterly reports
on Form 10‑Q and current reports on Form 8‑K, plus
amendments to such reports as filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a)
or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, through the
"Financial Statements and Federal Filings" portion of our website as
soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with,
or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, paper
copies of these documents may be obtained free of charge upon request by
writing to us at 10 Derby Square, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, Attention:
Investor Relations, or by calling us at (978) 619‑1300.
We
have adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all
of our employees and directors, including, but not limited to, our principal
executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting
officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our code of
conduct may be obtained free of charge upon request by writing to us at the
above address.
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
In
addition to the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference
into, this Report, you should carefully consider the risks described below
which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future
results. These risks are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are
immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and/or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Our Wireless and Wireline
Services in Guyana
Our
exclusive license to provide local exchange and long distance telephone
services in Guyana is subject to significant political and regulatory risk.
Since
1991, our subsidiary GT&T has operated in Guyana pursuant to a license from
the Government of Guyana to be the exclusive provider of local exchange and
long distance services. From time to time since 2001, Guyana Government
officials have publicly stated their intention to revoke or terminate the
license and have made efforts to enact legislation that would allow for
competition in areas that are precluded by the exclusivity terms and, in
addition, the regulatory body in Guyana initiated an action a number of years
ago questioning the status and validity of such terms. President Bharrat Jagdeo
has publicly and privately stated that it is a priority of his administration
to enable other telecommunications companies to provide wireline services
covered by our exclusive license, as well as to increase the number of wireless
service providers. The government recently informed GT&T of its desire to
hold talks in 2007 regarding the exclusivity terms of our license. While we
would seek to enforce our rights under the exclusive wireline license and believe
that we would be entitled to damages for any termination of that license, we
cannot guarantee that we would prevail in any court or arbitration proceedings.
We
are highly dependent on GT&T for a substantial majority of our revenues and
profits. Approximately 60% of our consolidated revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2006 was generated by GT&T. As of December 31, 2006,
we have invested approximately $250 million in Guyanese telecommunications
infrastructure. Any modification, early termination or other revocation of the
exclusive wireline license could adversely affect a substantial majority of our
revenues and profits and diminish the value of our investment in Guyana.
Any
significant decline in the price or volume of international long distance calls
to Guyana could adversely affect our financial condition and results.
We
collect payments from foreign carriers for handling international long distance
calls originating from the foreign carriers' countries and ending in Guyana.
The payments, which are based on volume and payment rates, are pursuant to
arrangements we have with the foreign carriers and are subject to the actions
of telecommunications regulators, such as the U.S. FCC. For the year ended
December 31, 2006, our revenues from GT&T's inbound and outbound
international long distance services were $46.7 million (or 30% of our
consolidated revenue for 2006) and constituted a significant portion of our
profits. More than 80% of these revenues and profits were from collecting
payments for international long distance calls into Guyana from other
countries.
Any
decrease in the payment rate or the volume of inbound long distance calls would
reduce the amount of the payments we collect. In January 2002, the FCC
reduced the payment rate for U.S.‑Guyana traffic from $0.85 per minute to
$0.23 per minute, which negatively impacted GT&T's operating profits. The
lowering of the U.S. international settlement rate in 2002 has been followed by
a gradual reduction in settlement rates between Guyana and most other countries
to $0.23 per minute or less. We believe the volume of international long
distance voice traffic, particularly outbound traffic, is increasingly being
threatened by customers and illegal operators bypassing our international
exchange through various means, including sending voice traffic as Voice over
Internet Protocol (or VoIP). Further reductions in the payment rates or a
decline in inbound international long distance volume, through VoIP or
otherwise, would adversely affect our revenues and profits, and would deprive
us of a critical source of U.S. currency as payments from foreign carriers to
GT&T are in U.S. dollars.
The
regulation of the rates that GT&T may charge for services may adversely
affect our profitability, revenue growth and our ability to make additional
network investment in Guyana.
The
rates that GT&T may charge for its public services are regulated by the
PUC, an independent regulatory body responsible for regulating
telecommunications in Guyana. The PUC has authority to set rates for local
wireline, outbound international mobile and a range of other services and has
broad powers to assess GT&T's compliance with the terms of GT&T's
exclusive license with the Government of Guyana. Under that license, GT&T
is entitled to charge rates that will enable it to earn an annual minimum rate
of return equal to 15% of GT&T's capital dedicated to public use. Unless
otherwise agreed to by the parties, the license states that such rates shall be
calculated on the basis of GT&T's entire property, plant and equipment in a
manner consistent with the practices and procedures of the FCC. The PUC,
however, has disallowed or challenged several million dollars of franchise
rights and working capital that we believe should be included in the base upon
which rates are determined in accordance with the terms of the license (or rate
base). Furthermore, although it has not been an issue in recent years, when we
have demonstrated under‑earning in the past the PUC has often refused to
allow an increase in rates to the level we believed necessary to earn the
minimum return. Any failure by the PUC to calculate rates in accordance with
the rate of return calculation in the license or to allow an increase in rates
when we demonstrate under‑earning would adversely affect our
profitability, revenue growth and our ability to make additional network
investment in that country.
In
addition, we calculate the rate base in U.S. dollars based on a historical U.S.
dollar valuation of dedicated capital, which protects the value of GT&T
earnings, to the extent rate increases are allowed, from devaluations in the
Guyanese dollar. The PUC has neither approved nor disapproved this method of
calculation. If we were required to calculate the rate base based on a Guyanese
dollar valuation of dedicated capital, the value of GT&T's earnings would
be subject to devaluations in the Guyanese dollar if we are unable to increase
rates.
In
January 2007 the PUC established floor and ceiling rates for both the pre‑paid
and post‑paid cellular services offered by GT&T and the competitor.
The PUC also directed GT&T and Digicel to bill cellular calls on a per
second basis rather than rounding to the next minute. Any rapid decline in
market pricing as a result of these changes, without an offsetting increase in
volume, would negatively impact the revenues and profits of our wireless
business in Guyana.
GT&T
is engaged in significant tax disputes with the Guyanese tax authorities which
could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
GT&T's
worldwide income is subject to Guyanese tax at an overall rate of 45%. GT&T
has received various income tax assessments from Guyana tax authorities that
claim GT&T owes approximately $23.5 million in additional income taxes
for past periods. A substantial portion of this amount is based on the
disallowance of 80% of GT&T's deduction for management fees paid to us
pursuant to the original investment agreement and related agreements. This
management fee is currently set at approximately 6% of GT&T's revenue.
Although we believe that the fee is part of the original contract, is similar
to amounts charged by other international telecommunications companies to their
foreign subsidiaries for management advisory services and is an appropriate and
proper expense, we may not prevail in these tax disputes. In addition, as part
of an overall settlement of outstanding issues with the Government we might be
forced to agree to reduce the amount of, or deductibility of, the management
fees. If GT&T is required to pay these additional taxes and/or reduce our
management fee, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
Other Risks Relating to Our Businesses and
Industry
Increased
competition may adversely affect growth, require increased capital
expenditures, result in the loss of existing customers and decrease our
revenues.
We
face competition in the markets in which we operate. For example:
·
In Guyana, we have faced competition from a nationwide
wireless service provider since late 2004 and expect that competition to
intensify in 2007 because of the acquisition of that provider by a larger
regional operator with operations throughout the Caribbean, greater resources
than its predecessor, and a reputation for competing very aggressively and
effectively.
·
In Vermont, in addition to other competitive voice and
data communications service providers, we compete with a much larger regional
carrier, which has greater financial resources, greater economies of scale and
may employ more advanced technology than us.
·
Commnet's greatest competitive risk is the possibility
that its current customers may elect to build or enhance their own networks
within the rural market in which Commnet currently provides service, which is
commonly known as "over‑building." If Commnet's customers,
which have greater financial resources and access to capital than we have,
determine to over‑build, their need for Commnet's roaming services will
be significantly reduced or eliminated.
·
In Bermuda, BDC competes with the incumbent wireless
service provider and a larger regional provider, which, because of their
greater size and financial resources, have earlier access to the most
technologically advanced handsets and have greater negotiating power in
purchasing handsets and other equipment from vendors.
Over
the last several years, an increase in competition has contributed to a decline
in prices for communication services, including local and long distance
telephone service, data services and mobile wireless services. Increased
competition may decrease prices further. In addition, increased competition
could reduce our customer base, require us to invest in new facilities and
capabilities and reduce revenues, margins and returns.
Our retail wireless businesses may not
continue to grow at the same rate as in the past.
The
future growth of our retail wireless businesses and affiliates may be
constrained by the smaller markets that we serve. In Guyana, the wireless
communications market is relatively small in comparison with other developing
countries and regions. At December 31, 2006, we estimate that the wireless
penetration rate (the percentage of a population subscribing to wireless
services) in Guyana is approximately 40%. Bermuda is also a relatively small
wireless market. At December 31, 2006, we estimate that the wireless
penetration rate in Bermuda is approximately 70%. Even if competition does not
intensify, it is unlikely that our wireless subscriber levels will continue to grow
at the same rate as in the past.
In
addition, we believe that some portion of our wireless subscriber growth in
Guyana since our deployment of GSM services in the fourth quarter of 2004 may
be a result of TDMA pre‑paid subscribers buying a GSM handset and
temporarily retaining their TDMA handset until their TDMA pre‑paid
accounts are depleted. Such a subscriber would temporarily appear as two
subscribers in our wireless growth numbers. This overlap would likely abate
with the passage of time, which may reduce the future subscriber growth numbers
but should not affect revenue.
A significant portion of our U.S. wireless
revenue is derived from a small number of customers.
Our
Commnet subsidiary, which accounted for approximately 27% of our consolidated
revenue in 2006, generates a substantial majority of its revenues from three
national wireless service providers. In 2006, the three national wireless
service providers together accounted for 90% of Commnet's revenues.
Commnet's relationships with its customers
generally are much more financially significant for Commnet than its customers,
which can give its customers significant leverage in negotiating pricing and
other terms. Commnet's current agreements with its two largest customers
terminate in mid‑2007 and late‑2008. If we fail to keep any of
these customers satisfied with our service offerings or economic terms and lose
their business or are unable to renew or enter into new agreements with these
customers on beneficial terms to us, we could suffer a substantial loss of
revenue, which would have a materially adverse effect on our results of
operations and financial condition.
Our
failure to maintain favorable roaming arrangements could have a material
adverse effect on our ability to provide service to retail wireless customers
who travel outside our coverage area.
In
addition to providing us with significant revenue, the roaming arrangements
established by BDC and, to a lesser extent, GT&T enable our retail wireless
customers to use the wireless networks of other wireless carriers when they
travel outside of our licensed service area. This enables us to offer our
customers competitively priced regional and international rate plans that
include areas for which we do not own wireless licenses, and this is
particularly important to BDC's customers in Bermuda who travel frequently. If
we are not able to maintain favorable roaming agreements with other wireless
carriers, we may no longer be able to offer these regional and international
rate plans and the coverage area and pricing we offer to our customers may not
be as attractive relative to the offers from our competitors. This could have a
material adverse effect on our future operations and financial condition. When
our roaming agreements expire or are terminated, our roaming partners could
choose not to renegotiate such agreements and could enter into roaming
agreements with other carriers serving our markets or choose not to include our
markets in their service offerings altogether. Furthermore, our roaming revenue
is highly dependent on the pricing decisions made by our roaming partners. If
our markets are not included in our roaming partners' home calling areas and
are instead subject to the imposition of additional roaming charges, we could
see a loss of roaming minutes and revenue which could have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations.
Our
foreign operations are subject to economic, political and other risks that
could adversely affect our revenues or financial position.
Our
operations in Guyana and Bermuda may face adverse financial consequences and
operational problems due to foreign political or economic changes, such as
changes in national or regional political or economic conditions, or laws and
regulations that restrict repatriation of earnings or other funds. In addition,
we face risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Any
of these changes could adversely affect our revenues or financial position.
Regulatory
changes may impose restrictions that adversely affect us or cause us to incur
significant unplanned costs in modifying our business plans or operations.
We
are subject to U.S. federal, state and local regulations, Bermudian government
regulations and Guyanese government regulations, all of which are subject to
change. As new telecommunications laws and regulations are issued, we may be
required to modify our business plans or operations. We cannot assure you that
we can do so in a cost‑effective manner. In addition, the failure by us
to comply with applicable governmental regulations could result in the loss of
our licenses or authorizations to operate, the assessment of penalties or fines
or otherwise may have a material adverse effect on the results of our
operations.
Sovernet,
Commnet and Choice are subject to the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (or 1996
Act). The interpretation and implementation of the provisions of the 1996 Act
and the FCC rules implementing the 1996 Act continue to be heavily debated and
may have a material adverse effect on our business, particularly our operations
in Vermont. Also, although legislation has not yet been
introduced, there have been indications that
Congress may substantially revise the 1996 Act in the next few years. We cannot
predict what effect any new legislation will have on our businesses.
Sovernet
and Commnet are also subject to state regulatory commissions to the extent they
provide intrastate services. While we have obtained the necessary
certifications to provide service, each state commission retains the authority
to revoke our certificate if that commission determines we have violated any
condition of our certification or if it finds that doing so would be in the
public interest.
While
we believe we are in compliance with federal and state regulatory requirements,
our interpretation of our obligations may differ from those of regulatory
authorities. Both federal and state regulators require us to pay various fees
and assessments, file periodic reports and comply with various rules regarding
our consumer marketing practices and the contents of our bills, on an on‑going
basis. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to fines
or potentially be asked to show cause as to why our certificate of authority to
provide service should not be revoked.
In
Guyana, we are subject to regulation by the PUC, which has authority to assess
GT&T's compliance with the terms of GT&T's exclusive wireline license
with the Guyanese government and has regulatory authority over GT&T's
wireless service. See "Business—Regulation of Our
GT&T Subsidiary."
The
Competition and Fair Trading Act (or the Act), which was passed by the National
Assembly of Guyana in April 2006, prohibits anti‑competitive
business conduct that presents, restricts or distorts competition or
constitutes the abuse of a dominant position in the market. Since this Act was
only recently passed, we cannot assure you that the Government of Guyana, the
Competition Commission or third parties will not seek to apply the Act against
our operations in Guyana in a manner which might adversely affect our financial
condition or results of operations. See "Business—Regulation of Our
GT&T Subsidiary."
In
Bermuda, BDC is subject to the Telecommunications Act of 1986. In
November 2005, the Minister of Telecommunications and Technology directed
BDC to cease offering certain data services through its "Bull"
branded wireless modem. BDC challenged the directive in Bermuda court claiming
that the directive contravenes BDC's license to provide data services and BDC's
long history of providing data services. On June 6, 2006, the court ruled
in favor of BDC. The ministry filed an appeal which is scheduled to be heard
during the June 2007 session of the Appeals Court. If the directive against
BDC is upheld, it could negatively affect BDC's ability to grow its revenue.
See "Business—Regulation of Our BDC Affiliate."
U.S.
federal or state governments (including territorial governments) or the
governments of Guyana or Bermuda could adopt regulations or take other actions
that might have a material adverse effect on our business. These changes could
materially and adversely affect our business prospects and operating results.
The loss of certain licenses would adversely
affect our ability to provide wireless and broadband services.
In
the United States, wireless, PCS and microwave licenses are valid for ten years
from the effective date of the license. Licensees may renew their licenses for
additional ten‑year periods by filing renewal applications with the FCC.
Commnet's wireless licenses expire between 2007 and 2015. Choice's wireless
licenses expire between 2008 and 2016. The renewal applications are subject to
FCC review and are put out for public comment to ensure that the licensees meet
their licensing requirements and comply with other applicable FCC mandates.
Failure to file for renewal of these licenses or failure to meet any licensing
requirements could lead to a denial of the renewal application and thus
adversely affect our ability to continue to provide service in that license
area. Furthermore, our compliance with regulatory requirements such as enhanced
911 and CALEA requirements may depend on the availability of necessary
equipment or software. Failure to comply with these regulatory
requirements may have an adverse effect on our
licenses or operations and could result in sanctions, fines or other penalties.
Rapid and significant technological changes
in the telecommunications industry may adversely affect us.
We
face rapid and significant changes in technology. In particular, the
telecommunications industry is experiencing significant technological changes,
including:
·
evolving industry standards;
·
the allocation of new radio frequency spectrum in which
to license and operate advanced wireless services;
·
ongoing improvements in the capacity and quality of
digital technology and shorter development cycles for new products and
enhancements;
·
changes in end‑user requirements and preferences;
·
the development and adoption of VoIP telephony services;
·
development of data and broadband capabilities; and
·
migration to next‑generation services, which may
require the purchase of additional spectrum.
For
us to keep up with these technological changes and remain competitive, we will
be required to continue to make significant capital expenditures. Our value to
the wireless carriers that are Commnet's customers depends in part on our
network's ability to support the services that such carriers' customers demand.
For example, mobile high‑speed wireless data services, which allow
customers of wireless carriers to use the wireless network to send and receive
data files and access the Internet, have become increasingly popular in the
United States. While we offer certain advanced services, such as GSM‑EDGE,
in certain of our coverage areas, we do not currently offer those services in
all areas nor do we currently offer other such services such as CDMA EV‑DO.
As demand for these services continues to grow, we may have difficulty
satisfying our customers without substantial upgrades, which could have an
adverse effect on our business. Similarly, in other markets, if we do not offer
new services that are popular with customers and are offered by competitors, we
may have difficulty attracting and retaining subscribers, which will have an
adverse effect on our business.
We
cannot predict the effect of technological changes on our business.
Technological changes may result in increases in our capital expenditures. New
technologies may be protected by patents or other intellectual property laws
and therefore may not be available to us. Also, alternative technologies may be
developed that provide communications service or alternative service superior
to that available from us. Rapid changes in technology in our market may
adversely affect our business. For example, to accommodate the demand by
customers of Commnet's roaming partners for next‑generation advanced
wireless products such as high‑speed data and streaming video, we may be
required to purchase additional spectrum. In each of our markets, providing
more and higher speed data services through our wireless or wireline networks
may require us to make substantial investments in additional telecommunications
transport capacity connecting our networks to the Internet, and in some cases
such capacity may not be available to us or be available on attractive terms.
We cannot assure you that we will gain access to spectrum or capacity at a
reasonable cost or at all. Failure to provide these services could have a material
adverse effect on our ability to compete with carriers offering these new
technologies in our markets.
We
rely on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for timely supply of
equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure. If these
suppliers or vendors experience problems or favor our competitors, we could
fail to obtain sufficient quantities of the products and services we require to
operate our businesses successfully.
We
depend on a limited number of suppliers and vendors for equipment and services
relating to our network infrastructure. If these suppliers experience
interruptions or other problems delivering these network components on a timely
basis, our subscriber or revenue growth and operating results could suffer significantly.
Our initial choice of a network infrastructure supplier can, where proprietary
technology of the supplier is an integral component of the network, cause us to
be effectively locked into one or a few suppliers for key network components.
As a result, we have become reliant upon a limited number of network equipment
manufacturers, including GT&T's reliance upon Nortel Networks and BDC's
reliance upon Lucent Technologies, Inc. If it becomes necessary to seek
alternative suppliers and vendors, we may be unable to obtain satisfactory
replacement suppliers or vendors on economically attractive terms on a timely
basis.
If we
lose our senior management, our business may be adversely affected; we rely on
local management to run our operating units.
The
success of our business is largely dependent on our executive officers and the
executive officers of our operating units, as well as on our ability to attract
and retain other highly qualified technical and management personnel. We
believe that there is, and will continue to be, intense competition for
qualified personnel in the communications industry, and we cannot assure you
that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the
development of our business. The loss of key personnel or the failure to
attract additional personnel as required could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not
currently maintain "key person" life insurance on any of our key
employees and none of the executives at our parent company are under employment
agreements.
We
rely heavily on local management to run our operating units. Most of the
markets we operate in are small and somewhat isolated and therefore it is
particularly difficult attracting and retaining talented and qualified managers
and staff in those markets. For example, in 2005 and early 2006, we spent many
months trying to find an appropriate replacement for our departing chief
financial officer of GT&T.
Our
network capacity and customer service system may not be adequate and may not
expand quickly enough to support our customer growth.
Our
financial and operational success depends on ensuring that we have adequate
network capacity and a sufficient customer and operational support systems to
accommodate anticipated new customers and the related increase in usage of our
network. This includes capacity on our wireline and wireless networks and
capacity on our inter‑ and intra‑network transport facilities. Our
failure to expand and upgrade our networks and transport facilities to meet the
increased usage could impair our quality of service, cause a decline in
customer satisfaction and have a material adverse effect on our business. For
example, in late 2005 and early 2006 we experienced severe congestion problems
on parts of our GSM network in Guyana due to more rapid growth in GSM
subscribers than expected and, as a result, we experienced adverse publicity
and negative reaction from our customers and Guyana regulators. See
"Business—Regulation of Our GT&T Subsidiary."
Our
wireless network capacity plans in Guyana and Bermuda generally rely on:
·
the availability of wireless handsets of the
appropriate model and type to meet the demands and preferences of our
customers;
·
the ability to obtain and construct additional cell
sites and other infrastructure equipment;
·
the ability to obtain additional spectrum if required;
and
·
the ability to obtain the capital to expand and upgrade
our network.
In
addition, we must implement, manage and monitor effective procedures for
customer activation, customer service, billing and other support services.
Reliance on our customer service functions will increase as we add new
customers and offer new services and pricing plans. Our failure to timely and
efficiently meet the demands for these services could decrease or slow
subscriber growth or delay or otherwise impede billing and collection of
amounts owed, which would adversely affect our revenue. We cannot make
assurances that our customer service systems and network capacity will expand
and adapt quickly enough to keep up with our anticipated customer growth and
changes in services, and failure to do so would impair our ability to compete,
which would adversely affect our results and financial operations.
Our wireless and wireline revenues depend on
the reliability and performance of our network infrastructure.
We
must operate our wireless and wireline networks so as to minimize any
disruption that may occur to our services. The operation and growth of our
networks and the implementation of new technologies and services involve
operating risks that may disrupt our services and cause losses in revenue. In
Guyana, for example, the Americas II fiber optic cable, which connects Guyana
with the United States, has from time to time suffered service outages due to
both inadvertent and malicious cuts in the Guyana terrestrial portions of the
cable as well as cuts or operational issues in other countries. These cuts have
resulted in increased operational and capital expenses, customer
dissatisfaction and loss of revenue. Other risks which may also cause
interruptions in service or reduced capacity for customers include power loss,
capacity limitations, software defects and breaches of security by computer
viruses, break‑ins or otherwise. Disruptions in our networks and the
unavailability of our services could lead to a loss of customers, damage to our
reputation and violation of the terms of our licenses and contracts with
customers. These failures could also lead to significant negative publicity,
regulatory problems and litigation.
The occurrence of severe weather and natural
catastrophes may materially disrupt our operations.
We
operate in Guyana, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Bermuda, which have experienced
severe weather conditions over the years including hurricanes, damaging storms
and floods. Such events may materially disrupt and adversely affect our
business operations. A major hurricane passed over Bermuda in 2005 causing
major damage to our network and to the island's infrastructure. Guyana has
suffered from severe rains and flooding in each of the last two years. While
these events have not had a significant negative impact on the operating
results or financial condition of the affected businesses or our overall
business, we cannot assure you that these types of events will not have such an
impact in the future or that the insurance coverage we maintain for these risks
will adequately compensate us for all damage and economic losses resulting from
natural catastrophes.
Concerns
about the actual or perceived health risks relating to electromagnetic and
radio frequency emissions, as well as the attendant publicity or possible
resultant litigation, may have a negative effect on our financial condition or
the results of our operations.
Media
and other reports have suggested that electromagnetic and radio frequency
emissions from wireless telephone handsets and base stations may cause health
problems, including cancer. There is also some concern that these emissions may
interfere with the operation of certain electronic equipment, including
automobile braking and steering systems. The actual or perceived risks relating
to wireless communications devices and base stations, or press reports about
these risks, could adversely affect us by, for example, reducing our subscriber
growth rate, subscriber base or average use per subscriber and increasing our
litigation risk. Actual or perceived risks of wireless handsets or base
stations could make it difficult to find sattractive sites for base stations
and reduce our growth rates, customer base and average usage per customer.
Our economic interest in our Bermuda
affiliate will likely be reduced in 2008.
In
July 2008, BDC has the option to repurchase from us all, but not less than
all, of our 43% equity interest in BDC at a price equal to fair market value.
We currently believe that is more likely than not BDC will exercise this
option. Also in 2008, our management fee for providing advisory services to
BDC, which equals 6% of BDC's annual revenues, is scheduled to expire. For
fiscal years 2004, 2005 and 2006, we recorded equity in earnings of BDC of
$2.6 million, $2.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively, and
received cash dividends from BDC of approximately $621,000, $1.5 million
and $1.7 million, respectively. For the same periods, we earned management
fees of approximately $1.2 million, $1.2 million and
$1.1 million, respectively. If BDC exercises its repurchase rights and we
are unable to redeploy the repurchase proceeds in a similarly productive
investment, our financial results would be negatively affected.
We may be unable to realize the value that
we believe exists in businesses that we acquire.
To
realize the value that we believe exists in Commnet and Sovernet and future
businesses that we acquire, if any, we must successfully integrate them into
our holding company organization. If we are unable to effectively manage their
operations or are unable to retain their key employees, we may not realize the
value that we believe such businesses hold. In addition, failure to
successfully integrate these businesses may have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
Our debt instruments include restrictive and
financial covenants that limit our operating flexibility.
Our
credit facility requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and contains
covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to take specific
actions, even if we believe such actions are in our best interest. These
include restrictions on our ability to:
·
incur additional debt;
·
create liens or negative pledges with respect to our
assets;
·
pay dividends or distributions on, or redeem or
repurchase, our capital stock;
·
make investments, loans or advances or other forms of
payments;
·
issue, sell or allow distributions on capital stock of
specified subsidiaries;
·
enter into transactions with affiliates; or
·
merge, consolidate or sell our assets.
Any
failure to comply with the restrictions of the credit facility or any
subsequent financing agreements may result in an event of default. Such default
may allow our creditors to accelerate the repayment of the related debt and may
result in the acceleration of the repayment of any other debt to which a cross‑acceleration
or cross‑default provision applies. In addition, these creditors may be
able to terminate any commitments they had made to provide us with further
funds.
If we
fail to meet our payment or other obligations under the credit facility, the
lenders could foreclose on and acquire control of substantially all of our
assets.
In
connection with the incurrence of the indebtedness under the credit facility,
the lenders received a pledge of our share of the capital stock of all of our
subsidiaries, and that of future direct and indirect subsidiaries with some
limited exceptions. Additionally, the lenders under our credit facility
generally have a lien on all of our U.S. assets. As a result of these pledges
and liens, if we fail to meet our payment or other obligations under the credit
facility (including meeting or exceeding certain
financial measurements), the lenders would be
entitled to foreclose on and liquidate substantially all of our assets, to the
extent required to pay our obligations under the credit facility. As a result,
the holders of our securities may lose a portion of, or the entire value of,
their investment in our securities.
Our Executive Chairman is our largest
stockholder and will continue to exert significant influence over us.
Cornelius
B. Prior, Jr., our Executive Chairman and the father of our Chief Executive
Officer, beneficially owns, together with related entities approximately 40% of
our outstanding common stock. As a result, Cornelius B. Prior, Jr., is able to
exert significant influence over all matters presented to our stockholders for
approval, including election and removal of our directors and change of control
transactions. In addition, as our Executive Chairman, he has and will continue
to have significant influence over our strategy, and business plans. His
interests may not always coincide with the interests of other holders of our
common stock.
Low trading volume of our stock may limit
our shareholder ability to sell shares and/or result in lower sale prices.
During
the last quarter of 2006, the average daily trading volume of our common stock
was approximately 60,000 shares. As a result, shareholders may have difficulty
selling a large number of shares of our common stock in the manner or at a
price that might be attainable if our common stock were more actively traded.
In addition, the market price of our common stock may not be reflective of its
underlying value.
We may not pay dividends in the future.
Our
stockholders may receive dividends out of legally available funds if, and when,
they are declared by our Board of Directors. We have paid quarterly dividends
in the past, but may cease to do so at any time. Our credit facility limits our
ability to pay dividends on, or repurchase, our capital stock. We may incur
additional indebtedness in the future that may further restrict our ability to
declare and pay dividends. We may also be restricted from paying dividends in
the future due to restrictions imposed by state corporation laws, our financial
condition and results of operations, capital requirements, covenants contained
in our financing agreements, management's assessment of future capital needs
and other factors considered by our Board of Directors.
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
Our
corporate headquarters is located at 10 Derby Square, Salem, Massachusetts
01970, where we lease approximately 3,000 square feet of office space. We also
lease approximately 10,000 square feet of office space in the Virgin Islands
for Choice Communications and several corporate personnel. GT&T operations
are headquartered in Georgetown, Guyana, where GT&T leases approximately
4,000 square feet of office space. Commnet's operations are headquartered in
Atlanta, Georgia, where Commnet leases approximately 2,000 square feet of
office space. Sovernet operations are headquartered in Bellows Falls, Vermont
where it leases approximately 4,000 square feet. The Company also utilizes
approximately 315,000 square feet of space for technical operations, including
approximately 266,000 square feet of building space owned by GT&T, on
approximately 48 acres of land in various locations throughout Guyana. In
addition, we lease and own locations for other switch facilities (including
international, local, wireless and broadband data), wireless facilities
(including towers) and extensive cabling (including an interest in several
inter‑country fiber cables). We consider our owned and leased properties
to be suitable and adequate for our business operations.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In
1995, the minister of telecommunications of Guyana initiated a proceeding with
the PUC alleging that GT&T had breached our 1990 agreement with the
Government of Guyana by failing to expand its facilities and telecommunications
operations and improve services in Guyana pursuant to an expansion and service
improvement plan. Under the agreement, which we entered into in connection with
our acquisition of GT&T in January 1991, we agreed to complete the
plan within three years and the Government of Guyana agreed to permit us to
increase telephone rates during that period upon any devaluations of Guyana
currency. The plan was subsequently amended to, among other things, extend the
completion deadline to February 1995. While GT&T did not complete the
plan by the extended deadline, we believe that the Government of Guyana's
failure to timely provide for rate increases upon a significant devaluation of
Guyanese currency in March 1991 impeded our efforts and justified our
delay in completing the plan. We substantially completed the plan in 1997 and
believe that we have satisfied our obligations under the agreement. If the PUC
finds us in breach of the agreement, GT&T could be fined, its exclusive wireline
license could be canceled and it could face other penalties imposed by the PUC.
The PUC last held hearings on this matter in 1998.
GT&T
is contesting, in the High Court of Guyana, approximately $7.3 million in
income tax assessed by the commissioner of Inland Revenue of Guyana for the
years 1991 to 1996. The amount in dispute represents the amount of deductions
GT&T claimed during those years for advisory fees payable to Atlantic Tele‑Network
that were denied by the Commission. In August 1995, the High Court upheld
the deductibility of these fees for one of the years in question. In
June 1996, the Guyana Commission of Inland Revenue filed a writ with the
High Court, which GT&T has opposed, requesting the High Court to set aside
this decision. The assessments relating to the remaining 4 years in
question have been stayed pending the outcome of the High Court's decision on
the Commission's writ. GT&T has received additional assessments for
approximately $6.5 million for the years 1997 to 2000 resulting from same
dispute over the deductibility of fees in those years. GT&T believes that
these additional assessments will also be stayed pending the High Court's
decision on the Commission's writ.
In
November 1997, GT&T requested the High Court to prohibit the commissioner
of Inland Revenue from enforcing tax assessments of approximately
$9.7 million for the years 1991 to 1996. GT&T believes that the tax
assessments were erroneously calculated based on a faulty audit which was
stayed by the High Court prior to completion, resulting in GT&T not
receiving notice of, or an opportunity to respond to, the audit. The High Court
has stayed enforcement of the tax assessments pending review of GT&T's
request. If GT&T is found liable for any of the approximately
$23.5 million in Guyana tax liabilities discussed above, we believe that
the Government of Guyana would be required under our 1990 agreement to
reimburse GT&T an amount necessary to provide GT&T a 15% per annum
return on its investment during the relevant periods.
In
November 1997, we filed motions with the Guyana Court of Appeal and High
Court appealing an order issued by the PUC in October 1997 requiring
GT&T to meet annual prescribed increases in the number of telephone lines
for the years 1998 to 2000 and to provide certain additional services to
customers by the end of 1998. We believe that in issuing the order the PUC
failed to consider the added cost of meeting these requirements and the
necessary adjustment in telephone rates that would be necessary to provide
GT&T a fair return on additional investment. While our appeal is still
pending, no stay has been issued in connection with the order.
In
early 2000, Inet Communications, Inc., an Internet service provider in
Guyana, and the Guyana Consumers Association filed a suit in the High Court
against the Attorney General of Guyana and GT&T. The suit claims that
GT&T is not entitled to rate increases based on our 1990 agreement with the
Government of Guyana and that the Civil Law of Guyana prohibits what the plaintiffs
refer to as GT&T's monopoly. Inet's motion was struck down for non‑appearance
of counsel. In April 2000, Inet applied for the suit to be restored. The
Court has yet to act on Inet's application.
In
July 2002, an individual sued the Attorney General of Guyana in the High
Court asking, among other things, for a declaration that the section of our
1990 agreement with the Government of Guyana granting to GT&T an exclusive
right to provide domestic wireline local and long distance services in Guyana
violated Guyana law and was null and void. In September 2002, GT&T
joined the suit to oppose the plaintiff's claims. Although the suit remains
pending, there have been no further developments since November 2002.
In
addition to those proceedings discussed above, we are periodically subject to
claims and lawsuits that are incidental to our business, some of which involve
claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. See Note 11
to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. We believe
that none of these additional proceedings would, in the event of an adverse
outcome, have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results
of operation or liquidity.
ITEM 4.
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of 2006.
PART II
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER REPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our
Common Stock, $.01 par value, is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the
symbol "ATNI." The following table sets forth the high and low sales
prices for our Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market (and the
American Stock Exchange prior to May 23, 2006), as retroactively adjusted
for our 5‑for‑2 Common Stock split on March 31, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
Quarter ended March 31.........................................................................................................................................................
|
$13.58
|
$12.71
|
|
Quarter ended June 30............................................................................................................................................................
|
$13.00
|
$10.97
|
|
Quarter ended September 30.................................................................................................................................................
|
$13.28
|
$11.40
|
|
Quarter ended December 31..................................................................................................................................................
|
$18.00
|
$13.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Quarter ended March 31.........................................................................................................................................................
|
$23.44
|
$15.20
|
|
Quarter ended June 30............................................................................................................................................................
|
$29.05
|
$19.64
|
|
Quarter ended September 30.................................................................................................................................................
|
$22.96
|
$16.84
|
|
Quarter ended December 31..................................................................................................................................................
|
$29.99
|
$18.10
|
The
approximate number of holders of record of Common Stock as of March 15,
2007 was 66.
Dividends
The
following table sets forth the quarterly dividends per share declared by us
over the past three fiscal years ended December 31, 2006, as retroactively
adjusted for the 5‑for‑2 stock split on March 31, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004..............................................................................................................................
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.11
|
0.11
|
|
2005..............................................................................................................................
|
0.11
|
0.11
|
0.12
|
0.12
|
|
2006..............................................................................................................................
|
0.12
|
0.12
|
0.14
|
0.14
|
The
declaration and payment of dividends on the Common Stock is at the discretion
of our Board of Directors and is subject to a number of factors. Our credit
facility restricts our ability to declare or pay dividends on our common stock.
Because Atlantic Tele‑Network, Inc. is a holding company, our
ability to declare dividends is effectively limited to the amount of dividends,
if any, our subsidiaries and other equity holdings may distribute to us. We
have paid quarterly dividends on our common stock since January 1999, and
have increased the amount of our dividend in each of the years since then. The
present Board of Directors believe in returning a significant portion of
profits, where possible, to stockholders and, subject to prudent resource
management and strategic development needs, would expect to continue to
increase the amount of our dividend if earnings continue to increase, although
not necessarily proportionally. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, we paid a total annual
dividend of $0.42, $0.46 and $0.52 per share, respectively, as adjusted for our
5‑for‑2 stock split. The continuation or modification of our
current dividend policy will be dependent upon future results of operations,
financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, regulatory
actions, and other factors deemed relevant at that time by the Board of
Directors.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in the
Fourth Quarter of 2006
|
Period
|
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
|
Average Price
Paid per Share
|
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of the Publicly
Announced Plan
|
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value)
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plan(1)
|
|
October 1, 2006—October 31, 2006................
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
$4,083,870
|
|
November 1, 2006—November 30,
2006..........................................................................
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
4,083,870
|
|
December
1, 2006—December 31,
2006..........................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total.............................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
(1) In
September 2004, our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to
$5.0 million of our Common Stock. The repurchase authorizations do not
have a fixed termination date and the timing of the buy back amounts and exact
number of shares purchased will depend on market conditions.
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
You
should read the selected financial data in conjunction with our
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations," and our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the
related Notes to those Consolidated Financial Statements included in this
Report. Financial data reflects adjustments made to correct errors in pension
accounting identified during 2006; see "Prior Period Adjustments"
below and Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
The historical results set forth below are not necessarily indicative of the
results of future operations. Period to period comparisons are also
significantly affected by our acquisitions, including our acquisition of
Commnet on September 15, 2005 and Sovernet on February 10, 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In
thousands, except per share data)
|
|
Statement of Operations Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wireless............................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
$10,509
|
$13,561
|
$14,093
|
$25,964
|
$61,946
|
|
Local telephone and data.......................................................................................................................................................
|
24,007
|
26,325
|
25,630
|
27,926
|
43,103
|
|
International long distance....................................................................................................................................................
|
39,722
|
42,016
|
46,861
|
45,439
|
46,663
|
|
Other......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue...........................................................................................................................................................................................
|
74,718
|
83,288
|
89,165
|
102,281
|
155,358
|
|
Operating expenses................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from operations...........................................................................................................................................................
|
21,964
|
29,081
|
35,212
|
37,429
|
52,986
|
|
Other income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense....................................................................................................................................................................................
|
(687)
|
(424)
|
(283)
|
(1,629)
|
(3,739)
|
|
Interest income.......................................................................................................................................................................................
|
991
|
511
|
588
|
942
|
1,592
|
|
Other, net........................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expense), net.............................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes,
minority interests and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates...........................................................................................................................................................
|
23,187
|
29,800
|
33,684
|
36,111
|
51,564
|
|
Income taxes....................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before minority interests
and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates............................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
10,166
|
13,747
|
13,852
|
15,104
|
26,026
|
|
Minority interests, net of tax......................................................................................................................................................
|
(2,421)
|
(3,494)
|
(3,992)
|
(4,364)
|
(4,993)
|
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,
net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income...................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net income per share..................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income per share............................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends per share........................................................................................................................................................................
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In
thousands)
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets, net............................................................................................................................................................................................
|
$87,113
|
$90,990
|
$100,092
|
$125,709
|
$138,573
|
|
Total assets..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
147,661
|
151,973
|
176,374
|
233,831
|
302,614
|
|
Short‑term debt (including
current portion of
long‑term debt)
|
1,899
|
1,081
|
687
|
165
|
0
|
|
Long‑term debt, net
|
3,690
|
2,511
|
11,726
|
55,585
|
50,000
|
|
Stockholders' equity................................................................................................................................................................................
|
94,176
|
102,310
|
109,223
|
116,986
|
178,770
|
Prior Period Adjustments
During
2006, we determined that previously recorded net periodic pension costs were
overstated. While these errors were not material to such periods, correction of
the accumulated errors would have been material to 2006 and, therefore, we
adjusted retained earnings as of January 1, 2002 and general and
administrative expenses by $164, $(59), $737, $437 in 2002 through 2005. None
of the items discussed above impacted reported revenues, cash balances or cash
flows.
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We
provide wireless and wireline telecommunications services in the Caribbean and
North America through the following operating subsidiaries and affiliate:
·
Guyana Telephone & Telegraph
Company, Ltd. (or GT&T) is the national and international telephone
company in the Republic of Guyana and the largest wireless service provider in
that country. We acquired an 80% equity interest in GT&T in 1991.
·
Commnet Wireless, LLC is an owner and operator of
wholesale wireless networks in rural areas of the United States. Commnet
provides wireless voice and data communications roaming services primarily to
national, regional and local wireless carriers. We acquired a 95% interest in
Commnet in September 2005 and the remaining 5% in January 2007.
·
Sovernet, Inc. is a facilities‑based
integrated voice, broadband data communications and dial‑up services
provider in New England, primarily in Vermont. We acquired Sovernet in
February 2006 and granted restricted stock equal to 4% of the equity to
Sovernet's new CEO.
·
Bermuda Digital Communications, Ltd. (or BDC) is
the largest wireless voice and data communications service provider in Bermuda,
doing business under the name Cellular One. We acquired a minority equity
interest (now 43%) in, and signed a management contract with, BDC in 1998.
·
Choice Communications, LLC is a leading provider of
fixed wireless broadband data services and dial‑up Internet services to
retail and business customers in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Choice also provides
fixed wireless digital television services in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Choice
acquired its internet service business in 1999 and its television business in
March 2000. We acquired Choice in October 1999 and own 100% of the
equity.
As
a holding company, Atlantic Tele‑Network provides management, technical,
financial, regulatory, and marketing services to, and typically receives a
management fee equal to approximately 6% of revenues from each operating
subsidiary and our BDC affiliate. Because we do not control BDC, we account for
our investment in that entity under the equity method. Earnings from BDC do not
appear in our income from operations, but are instead reflected in equity
earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax in the Consolidated Financial
Statements included in this Report. In July 2008, BDC has the option to
repurchase from us all, but not less than all, of our equity interest in BDC at
a price equal to fair market value, we currently believe that BDC is likely to
exercise this option. Also in 2008, our management fee arrangement with BDC may
be terminated pursuant to contract.
The
following chart summarizes the operating activities of our subsidiaries and our
BDC affiliate and the markets they serve as of December 31, 2006:
|
|
|
Operating Subsidiary/
Affiliate
|
|
|
Wireless
|
Rural Wireless
Integrated Telephony— International
|
Commnet
GT&T
BDC(1)
|
United States (rural markets)
Guyana
Bermuda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Local Telephone and Data
|
Integrated Telephony— International
Integrated Telephony— Domestic
Wireless Television and Data
|
GT&T
Sovernet
Choice (internet access)
|
Guyana
United States (New England)
U.S. Virgin Islands
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
International Long Distance
|
Integrated Telephony— International
|
GT&T
|
Guyana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
Wireless Television and Data
|
Choice (digital television)
|
U.S. Virgin Islands
|
(1) Earnings
from BDC do not appear in our income from operations but are instead reflected
in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax in the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
For
information about our business segments and geographical information about our
operating revenues and long‑lived assets, see Note 13 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
Historically,
we have generated most of our revenue and operating income from our GT&T
operations. GT&T provides domestic wireline telephone service and
international long distance service pursuant to an exclusive license from the
Government of Guyana and provides wireless service on a non‑exclusive
basis. The rates that GT&T may charge for its services are regulated by the
Public Utility Commission of Guyana (or PUC), an independent regulatory body
responsible for regulating telecommunications. See
"Business—Regulation of Our GT&T Subsidiary". The largest
component of GT&T's contribution to our consolidated revenue and profit has
been from its international long distance business and that business still
accounts for roughly half of GT&T's revenue. Most of these revenues and
profits were from payment by foreign carriers, which are denominated in U.S.
dollars, for handling international long distance calls originating from
foreign carrier's terminating in Guyana. The rates at which GT&T collects
fees from foreign carriers are established by agreements between it and foreign
carriers, and can be affected by limits set by foreign telecommunications
regulators, especially the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (or FCC). The
primary drivers of the long distance business are the population of Guyanese
living abroad who initiate calls to Guyana, the rate foreign carriers pay
GT&T for handling the incoming international calls, and the number of
people in Guyana capable of receiving international long distance calls, which
consist of wireline telephone customers and all the wireless subscribers in
Guyana (including subscribers to competitor wireless service providers). In
additional, in recent years, we believe various methods of illegal bypass and
alternative and cheaper media for communication, such as e‑mail and text
messaging, may be causing a decline in both voice traffic and in international
long distance revenues. We have taken a number of measures to counter illegal
bypass, including taking action against unlicensed operators in Guyana,
introducing special outbound call center rates and we are examining automated
technical solutions as well.
In
2005 and 2006, we opportunistically entered new businesses and markets through
our acquisitions of Commnet and Sovernet. These businesses have provided us
with new sources of revenues and with growth opportunities. As a result, while
GT&T continues to represent a majority of
our revenues and profits, its relative
contribution to our consolidated revenues has declined in recent years. For
fiscal years 2004, 2005 and 2006, GT&T generated 94%, 85% and 60%,
respectively, of our consolidated revenue and we expect this trend to continue.
Commnet generated over two thirds of our wireless revenue in 2006 and accounted
for approximately 90% of the increase in wireless revenue over 2005. Sovernet
generated over 30% of our local telephone and data revenue and accounted for
more than 85% of the increase in local telephone and data revenue.
During
the year we invested $11.6 million expanding the geographic coverage and
technical capabilities of Commnet's wireless network by purchasing spectrum
licenses, adding additional GSM and CDMA sites and switching equipment, as well
as adding GPRS and/or EDGE data technologies in many of our markets. In 2007,
we will continue to invest in expanding our networks in Guyana, Commnet and
Sovernet and expect to incur capital expenditures between $43 million and
$48 million, with over half made in connection with Commnet.
We
are actively evaluating additional acquisition opportunities of businesses that
meet our return‑on‑investment, strategic approach and other
acquisition criteria. As a result of our underwritten public offering of common
stock in July 2006, we raised net proceeds of approximately
$46.3 million, of which a portion was used to repay outstanding indebtedness,
and the remainder of which we plan to use to fund capital expenditures,
acquisitions and/or strategic investments and general corporate purposes.
While
our GT&T operations continue to grow, we face challenges in Guyana. Since
2001, the Government of Guyana has stated its intention to introduce
competition into Guyana's wireline sector. Recently, senior Guyanese officials
have indicated to us a renewed interest in conducting negotiations between
GT&T and the Government of Guyana regarding the exclusivity terms of
GT&T's license, and we expect these discussions will cover all significant
outstanding issues, including tax matters. GT&T has not had formal
discussions with Government officials regarding these matters since the second
quarter of 2002. See "Business—Regulation of Our GT&T
Subsidiary." We believe that the introduction of international voice and
data competition would require the termination of the exclusivity provisions of
GT&T's license, and thus would require appropriate compensation to GT&T
and a likely increase in local wireline service rates so that those rates
reflect the actual cost of providing such services.
GT&T
is also in the process of adapting to recent changes in the competitive
environment for wireless services in Guyana. In November 2006, our only
nationwide wireless competitor was acquired by Digicel, a large mobile
telecommunications company operating in many Caribbean countries. We expect
this development to significantly increase the competition we face in the Guyana
wireless market. In anticipation of this development, we have accelerated the
timing of some of our capital expenditures on network improvements. We believe
that network coverage and quality of service and price are the key bases on
which we compete. During the fourth quarter of 2006, we also increased our
marketing expenditures, including handset subsidies and other promotionals,
designed to accelerate the migration of subscribers from our TDMA network to
our GSM network, which allows us to offer richer handset features and certain
wireless data services, while increasing our network capacity. We have also
modified some of our pricing plans. We expect that this heightened competition
will result in higher marketing expense for us at least in the short term and
may have adverse effects on pricing and our market share.
We
encourage you to read our critical accounting policies which are important for
understanding our financial statements and this Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, see
"—Critical Accounting Policies".
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
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Amount of
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(Decrease)
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